Life cycle assessment of open field and greenhouse cultivation of lettuce and barley
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In the present paper, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study regarding barley and lettuce production in Spain (Barrax and Santomera regions) and Italy (Albenga region) in both open field (OF) and standard greenhouse (GH) cultivations was performed in order to evaluate energy consumption and environmental impacts. The study examines also the impact of the use of compost produced from agricultural wastes (AW). In this context, a detailed life cycle directory was created, based on site-specific experimental data, and used for a holistic cradle-to-gate LCA analysis using the GaBi 6 software package and specific related databases. In order to reveal the importance of system boundaries, factors that are often excluded from LCA studies, such as agricultural machinery manufacture, nursery production, waste management and raw materials transportation have been considered. According to the results of this study, the use of compost for fertilization of both crops is considered a good agronomic and ecological strategy in order to maintain productivity in terms of yield, especially in the case of greenhouse cultivation, and improve overall sustainability in the agricultural sector. Moreover, the phases of compost production, irrigation system, and greenhouse construction and operation were identified as the three main “hot-spots” with the highest environmental impact and energy contribution in all studied cases. Finally, improvements to reduce those impacts were proposed.
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In general, results of this study are within range of those found in literature across all production systems.
“In general, the results of this study are within the range of those found in literature across all the productions systems (Bartzas et al., 2015; Fiteinis and Chatzisymeon, 2016; Frankowska et al., 2019; Plawecki et al., 2014; Romero-Gámez et al., 2014).”
From The role of aeroponic container farms in sustainable food systems – The environmental credentials (2023) · cites this paper as Bartzas et al., 2015
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The Challenges of Sustainable Indoor Farming: A Life Cycle Assessment of LettucePreprint
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- Authors
- Bartzas, G., Zaharaki, D., & Komnitsas, K.
- Affiliations
- National Technical University of Athens (GR)
- Technical University of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Komnitsas, Kostas
- Venue
- Information Processing in Agriculture
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 191-207
- ISSN
- 2214-3173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2210431006
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Information Processing in Agriculture (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, Agriculture Analysis
- Keywords
- lettuce, barley, greenhouse cultivation, open-field cultivation, agricultural waste recycling, energy consumption, environmental impact, cradle-to-gate analysis, irrigation systems, greenhouse construction, agricultural machinery, crop sustainability
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