The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NETs: a new strategy for using old weapons
Abstract
As key players in the host innate immune response, neutrophils are recruited to sites of infection and constitute the first line of defense. They employ three strategies to eliminate invading microbes: microbial uptake, the secretion of antimicrobials, and the recently described release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Composed of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial proteins, NETs bind and kill a variety of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In addition to using a repertoire of known antimicrobials, NETs incorporate histones into the antimicrobial arsenal. Furthermore, NETs may contribute to microbial containment by forming a physical barrier and a scaffold, to enhance antimicrobial synergy while minimizing damage to host tissues. Their role in innate immunity is only now being uncovered.
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“More recent evidence indicates that neutrophils can also eliminate organisms residing in the extracellular environment through the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
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Cites
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Dowling, J. E., & Wald, G. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1981.tb06752.x · Cited by 17,937
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria
Brinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D. S., Weinrauch, Y., & Zychlinsky, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092385 · Cited by 10,268
Self-citationAntimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms
Zasloff, M. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415389a · Cited by 8,457
Tissue Destruction by Neutrophils
Epstein, F. H., & Weiss, S. J. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198902093200606 · Cited by 3,950
Tissue Destruction by Neutrophils
(1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198908033210513 · Cited by 3,634
Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps
Fuchs, T. A., Abed, U., Goosmann, C., Hurwitz, R., Schulze, I., Wahn, V., Weinrauch, Y., Brinkmann, V., & Zychlinsky, A. (2007) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200606027 · Cited by 3,197
Self-citationNeutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities
Nathan, C. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1785 · Cited by 2,971
Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end
Serhan, C. N., & Savill, J. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1276 · Cited by 2,552
Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood
Clark, S. R., Ma, A. C., Tavener, S. A., McDonald, B., Goodarzi, Z., Kelly, M. M., Patel, K. D., Chakrabarti, S., McAvoy, E., Sinclair, G. D., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1565 · Cited by 2,309
Jonjić, S., Mutter, W., Weiland, F., Reddehase, M. J., & Koszinowski, U. H. (1989) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.4.1199 · Cited by 2,106
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation
Kolaczkowska, E., & Kubes, P. (2013) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3399 · Cited by 5,472
Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options
Weber, C., & Noels, H. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2538 · Cited by 2,203
“Furthermore, neutrophils activated through TLRs, Fc receptors or cytokine receptors can release nuclear content (DNA fibers, chromatin) that forms a scaffold containing antimicrobial proteins, such as LL-37, termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs”
BackgroundNeutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Papayannopoulos, V., Metzler, K. D., Hakkim, A., & Zychlinsky, A. (2010) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201006052 · Cited by 2,103
“NETs are implicated in immune defense, sepsis, and autoimmunity (Clark et al., 2007; Kessenbrock et al., 2009; Papayannopoulos and Zychlinsky, 2009; Hakkim et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeutrophil Function: From Mechanisms to Disease
Amulic, B., Cazalet, C., Hayes, G. L., Metzler, K. D., & Zychlinsky, A. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074942 · Cited by 1,782
Self-citationPathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus
Cheung, G. Y. C., Bae, J. S., & Otto, M. J. (2021) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2021.1878688 · Cited by 1,554
“(“NETosis”) [136], is also believed to contribute to host defense against S.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Papayannopoulos, V., & Zychlinsky, A.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Papayannopoulos, Venizelos
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 513-521
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101674426
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- neutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophils, innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides, histones, chromatin, antimicrobial synergy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Infections, Chromatin, Histones, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Cell Degranulation, Autoimmunity, Reactive Oxygen Species
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