On the monumentality of ditches
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Naturalization away from constructed form often occurs over time, especially in the absence of repeated dredging, and ultimately ditches can become archaeological features.
“Naturalization away from constructed form often occurs over time, especially in the absence of repeated dredging 13 , and ultimately ditches can become archaeological features 25 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Cites
Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.
Parmentier, R. J. (1997) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1525/jlin.1997.7.1.136 · Cited by 1,921 · see citing works
Childe, V. G. (1950) · Town Planning Review · doi:10.3828/tpr.21.1.k853061t614q42qh · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache
Johnson, S. B., & Basso, K. H. (1998) · Journal of American Folklore · doi:10.2307/541058 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Power and Place: Indian Education in America
Deloria, V. J., & Wildcat, D. R. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Monumental architecture: A thermodynamic explanation of symbolic behaviour
Trigger, B. G. (1990) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.1990.9980135 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
The Significance of Monuments: On the Shaping of Human Experience in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe
Bradley, R. A. (1998) · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Dietrich, O., Heun, M., Notroff, J., Schmidt, K. H., & Zarnkow, M. (2012) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00047840 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion
(2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232444.001.0001 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Hudson, C. M. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 298 · see citing works
An archaeology of the soul: North American Indian belief and ritual
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1609 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
A Mound Complex in Louisiana at 5400-5000 Years Before the Present
Saunders, J. W., Mandel, R. D., Saucier, R. T., Allen, E., Hallmark, C. T., Johnson, J. K., Jackson, E. H., Allen, C. M., Stringer, G. L., Frink, D., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1796 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Baffles and Bastions: The Universal Features of Fortifications
Keeley, L. H., Fontana, M., & Quick, R. (2007) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-006-9009-0 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The Institutional Organization of Mississippian Religion
Knight, V. J. (1986) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/280859 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
An Archaeology of the Soul: North American Indian Belief and Ritual
(1998) · The Annals of Iowa · doi:10.17077/0003-4827.10194 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Pre-Columbian geometric earthworks in the upper Purús: a complex society in western Amazonia
Pärssinen, M. H., Schaan, D. P., & Ranzi, A. (2009) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00099373 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Sherwood, S. C., & Kidder, T. R. (2011) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2010.11.001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Fortifications and Enclosures in European Prehistory: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Parkinson, W. A., & Duffy, P. R. J. (2007) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-007-9010-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Monumentality and the Roman Empire: Architecture in the Antonine Age
Thomas, E. (2008) · Durham Research Online (Durham University) · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Architectural Energetics, Ancient Monuments, and Operations Management
Abrams, E. M., & Bolland, T. W. (1999) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1023/a:1021921513937 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Inference to the Best Explanation: A Common and Effective Form of Archaeological Reasoning
Fogelin, L. (2007) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/25470436 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Archaeology of Ancient Religion in the Eastern Woodlands
Brown, J. A. (1997) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.465 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hopewell geometric earthworks: a case study in the referential and experiential meaning of monuments
Bernardini, W. (2004) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2004.06.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
(2012) · University Press of Florida eBooks · doi:10.5744/florida/9780813038087.001.0001 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ohio Hopewell community organization
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-3393 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ghosts, Water Barriers, Corn, and Sacred Enclosures in the Eastern Woodlands
Hall, R. L. (1976) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/279525 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wonderful power: the story of ancient copper working in the Lake Superior Basin
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-2239 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Second Phase of the Trypillia Mega-Site Methodological Revolution: A New Research Agenda
Chapman, J. C., Videiko, M. Y., Hale, D., Gaydarska, B., Burdo, N., Rassmann, K., Mischka, C., Müller, J., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. G., & Kruts, V. (2014) · European Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1179/1461957114y.0000000062 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Drooker, P. B. (1997) · doi:10.3998/mpub.11395338 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mysteries of the Hopewell: astronomers, geometers, and magicians of the eastern woodlands
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-4545 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Early State Formation in Central Madagascar
Wright, H. T. (2007) · doi:10.3998/mpub.11395025 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Monumentalization and ritual landscapes at Fort Center in the Lake Okeechobee basin of South Florida
Thompson, V. D., & Pluckhahn, T. J. (2011) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2011.10.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ceremonial Centres from the Cayapas (Esmeraldas, Ecuador) to Chillicothe (Ohio, USA)
DeBoer, W. R. (1997) · Cambridge Archaeological Journal · doi:10.1017/s0959774300001955 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Beyond Squier and Davis: Rediscovering Ohio's Earthworks Using Geophysical Remote Sensing
Burks, J., & Cook, R. A. (2011) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.76.4.667 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hopewell Archaeology: A View from the Northern Woodlands
Abrams, E. M. (2009) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-008-9028-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Diversity of Pre-colonial Earthworks in the Brazilian State of Acre, Southwestern Amazonia
Saunaluoma, S., Pärssinen, M. H., & Schaan, D. P. (2018) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00934690.2018.1483686 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The View from Madisonville: Protohistoric Western Fort Ancient Interaction Patterns
Drooker, P. B. (1997) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Description of the Antiquities Discovered In the State of Ohio and Other Western States
Atwater, C. (1820) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Paüketat, T. R. (1993) · doi:10.3998/mpub.11395327 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Miller, G. L. (2015) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2015.03.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Proto-Cities or Non-Proto-Cities? On the Nature of Cucuteni–Trypillia Mega-Sites
Diachenko, A., & Menotti, F. (2017) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9105-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
History, Monumentality, and Interaction in the Appalachian Summit Middle Woodland
Wright, A. P. (2014) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.79.2.277 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Monumental ditched enclosures in southern Iberia (fourth–third millennia BC)
Márquez-Romero, J. E., & Jiménez‐Jáimez, V. (2013) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x0004905x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Look to the earth: the search for ritual in the context of mound construction
Kidder, T. R., & Sherwood, S. C. (2016) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-016-0369-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Crafting the sacred: Ritual places and paraphernalia in small-scale societies
Spielmann, K. A. (2008) · Research in economic anthropology · doi:10.1016/s0190-1281(08)00003-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prufer, O. H. (1964) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Four Millennia of Cultural History in Nigeria (ca. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1900): Archaeological Perspectives
Ogundiran, A. O. (2005) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-006-9003-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Local and “Global” Perspectives on the Middle Woodland Southeast
Wright, A. P. (2016) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-016-9096-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Early Platforms, Early Plazas: Exploring the Precursors to Mississippian Mound-and-Plaza Centers
Kassabaum, M. C. (2018) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-018-9121-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Social and Ritual Organization
Carr, C. (2008) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77387-2_4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Arapaho sun dance : the ceremony of the Offerings lodge
Dorsey, G. A. (1903) · Publication. Anthropological series/Publication - Field Columbian Museum. Anthropological series · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3437 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hopewell ceremonial landscapes of Ohio: more than mounds and geometric earthworks
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.191934 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Henry, E. R., Shields, C. R., & Kidder, T. R. (2019) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-019-09420-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Scioto Hopewell and Their Neighbors: Bioarchaeological Documentation and Cultural Understanding
Case, D., & Carr, C. (2008) · Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77387-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Elliott, C. D. (1964) · Journal of Architectural Education · doi:10.1080/00472239.1964.11102200 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
American Antiquities: Revisiting the Origins of American Archaeology
Barnhart, T. A. (2015) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Carr, C., Goldstein, B. J., & Weets, J. D. (2005) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/0-387-27327-1_13 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Townsend, R. F. (2004) · Art Institute of Chicago eBooks · doi:10.37862/aaeportal.00064.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Temples for Cahokia Lords: Preston Holder's 1955–1956 Excavations of Kunnemann Mound
Paüketat, T. R. (2021) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Private property, public archaeology: resident communities as stakeholders in American archaeology
Wright, A. P. (2015) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.2015.1025911 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Monumentality in Later Prehistory
Mytum, H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8027-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Early and Middle Woodland Landscapes of the Southeast
(2013) · University Press of Florida eBooks · doi:10.5744/florida/9780813044606.001.0001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Nature of Leadership in Ohio Hopewellian Societies
Carr, C., & Case, D. T. (2005) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/0-387-27327-1_5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Saunaluoma, S. (2012) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.565 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tempered strength: A controlled experiment assessing opportunity costs of adding temper to clay
Bebber, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.08.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
McCarthy, J. P. (2020) · Southeastern Archaeology · doi:10.1080/0734578x.2019.1704583 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mound builders and monument makers of the northern Great Lakes, 1200-1600
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-5204 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
On the frontier of empire: understanding the enclosed walls in Northern Yoruba, Nigeria
Usman, A. (2004) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2003.12.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Copper as an essential and exotic Hopewell metal
Seeman, M. F., Nolan, K. C., & Hill, M. A. (2019) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.12.019 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Everhart, T. D., & Ruby, B. J. (2020) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2019.105 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of water in the emergence of the pre‐Columbian Native American City Cahokia
Baires, S. E. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1094 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Soil survey of Ross County, Ohio.
Petro, J. H., Shumate, W. H., & Tabb, M. F. (1967) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mound Builders and Monument Makers of the Northern Great Lakes, 1200–1600
Gartner, W. G. (2013) · The AAG Review of Books · doi:10.1080/2325548x.2013.871980 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Colorful practices in Hopewellian earthwork construction
Charles, D. K. (2012) · Res Anthropology and Aesthetics · doi:10.1086/resvn1ms23647840 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
On the interior attached ditch enclosures of the middle and upper Ohio Valley*
Wright, G. A. (1990) · Ethnos · doi:10.1080/00141844.1990.9981404 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Historical Insight into the Directions and Limitations of Recent Research on Hopewell
Carr, C. M. (2005) · Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology · doi:10.1007/0-387-27327-1_2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Garden Creek: The Archaeology of Interaction in Middle Woodland Appalachia
Wright, A. P. (2019) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ohio Hopewell Earthworks: an examination of site use from non-mound space at the Hopewell Site
Weinberger, J. P. (2006) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Creation Myths of the North American Indians
Rooth, A. B. (1984) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520352131-013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Newark Earthworks: Enduring Monuments, Contested Meanings
Jones, L., & Shiels, R. D. (2016) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Henry, E. R. (2018) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7jd4w86 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sourisford Salamanders: Renewal Iconography of the Devils Lake-Sourisford Ceramic Complex
Job, J. L. (2009) · Plains Anthropologist · doi:10.1179/pan.2009.54.209.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Darling, P. (2016) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-515-9_10 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Henry, E. R., Mickelson, A. M., & Mickelson, M. E. (2020) · Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1080/01461109.2020.1826879 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Henry, E. R., Mickelson, A. M., & Mickelson, M. E. (2020) · Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.2307/26989077 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Scioto Situations and the Steel Group Monument Assemblage
Everhart, T. D. (2020) · Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.1080/01461109.2020.1826880 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Circleville Earthwork and Hopewell
Anderson, J. C. (2011) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Glacial geology of Ross County, Ohio
Quinn, M. J., & Goldthwait, R. P. (1974) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Environment and Human Response at Newark's Great Circle
Culver, E. G. (2011) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hopewellian Woodhenges: Recent Research at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
Ruby, B. J., Lüth, F., Komp, R., Burks, J., & Darvill, T. (2019) · The 84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Scioto Situations and the Steel Group Monument Assemblage
Everhart, T. D. (2020) · Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.2307/26989080 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 93 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clifford, C., Bieroza, M., Clarke, S. J., Pickard, A., Stratigos, M. J., Hill, M. J., Raheem, N., Tatariw, C., Wood, P. J., Arismendi, I., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02699-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Recent Research on the Archaeology of War and Violence
Scherer, A. (2021) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-101819-110415 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Complexity Without Monumentality in Biblical Times
Ben‐Yosef, E., & Thomas, Z. (2023) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-023-09184-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Czerniak, L., Bayliss, A., Goslar, T., Badura, M., Budilová, K., Lisá, L., Marciniak, A., Matuszewska, A., Pędziszewska, A., & Święty-Musznicka, J. (2024) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00934690.2024.2306433 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Americas, North: Hopewell Archaeology
Ruby, B. J. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00102-6
Henry, E. R., & DeSanto, C. M. (2026) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-026-02488-4
Sun, C., Yu, Y., Zhang, B., Sheng, P.-F., Wu, Y., Wen, H., Yu, C., Wei, P., & Wen, S. (2026) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-026-02545-y
- Authors
- Everhart, T. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Everhart, Timothy D.
- ORCID
- Everhart, Timothy D.
- Venue
- Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 101295
- ISSN
- 0278-4165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3152787830
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NSF
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Historical and Architectural Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Keywords
- ditches, monumentality, earthworks, embankments, Middle Woodland period, ritual, landscape elements, exotic raw materials, monumental architecture
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
