Fish Consumption Among Healthy Adults Is Associated With Decreased Levels of Inflammatory Markers Related to Cardiovascular Disease
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The aim of this work was to investigate the association between fish consumption and levels of various inflammatory markers among adults without any evidence of cardiovascular disease.Background Fish consumption has been associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms have not been well understood or appreciated.Methods The ATTICA study is a cross-sectional survey that enrolled 1,514 men (age 18 to 87 years) and 1,528 women (age 18 to 89 years) from the Attica region, Greece. Of them, 5% of men and 3% of women were excluded due to a history of cardiovascular disease. Among others, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, serum amyloid A (SAA), and white blood cells (WBC) were measured, and dietary habits (including fish consumption) were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire.Results A total of 88% of men and 91% of women reported fish consumption at least once a month. Compared to non-fish consumers, those who consumed >300 g of fish per week had on average 33% lower CRP, 33% lower IL-6, 21% lower TNF-alpha, 28% lower SAA levels, and 4% lower WBC counts (all p < 0.05). Significant results were also observed when lower quantities (150 to 300 g/week) of fish were consumed. All associations remained significant after various adjustments were made.Conclusions Fish consumption was independently associated with lower inflammatory markers levels, among healthy adults. The strength and consistency of this finding has implications for public health and should be explored further.
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Higher iron intake, especially haem iron, and higher iron status are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, although the literature is not fully consistent.
“There is some epidemiological evidence that higher Fe intake, particularly that of haem Fe, and higher Fe status are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and CHD (702 -714) , although not all of the literature is consistent.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [710]
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References 24 · Cited by 170
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coro- nary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1205-9.
- Authors
- Zampelas, A., Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C., Das, U. N., Chrysohoou, C., Skoumas, Y., & Stefanadis, C.
- Affiliations
- Harokopio University of Athens (GR)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 120-124
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131040650
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hellenic Society of Cardiology (HCS2002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- fish consumption, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, serum amyloid A, white blood cell count, coronary artery disease, healthy adults, ATTICA study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Serum Amyloid A Protein, Animals, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Fishes, Health Status, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6
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