Cited by 574Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesHeart Failure Treatment and ManagementCardiac Health and Mental Health

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Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Clinical Events in Chronic Heart Failure With and Without Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

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Olsson, Lars G., Swedberg, Karl, Ducharme, Anique, Granger, Christopher B., Michelson, Eric L., McMurray, John J.V., Puu, Margareta, Yusuf, Salim, Pfeffer, Marc A.·2006·Journal of the American College of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.060

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Abstract

Objectives We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions (EFs).Background Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV outcomes in patients with CHF and reduced EF. The risk of AF in patients with CHF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (PEF) is unknown.Methods A total of 7,599 patients with symptomatic CHF were randomized to candesartan or placebo. Patients were divided by baseline EF (< or =40% or >40%) in low or preserved EF groups. Major outcomes were cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Median follow-up was 37.7 months.Results A total of 670 (17%) patients in the low EF group and 478 (19%) in the PEF group had AF at baseline. Atrial fibrillation predicted a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of baseline EF. Patients with AF and low EF had the highest absolute risk for adverse CV outcomes. However, AF was associated with greater relative increased risk of the major outcomes in patients with PEF than in patients with low EF: hazard ratio 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) versus 1.29 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.46), respectively. The same was true for the risk of all-cause mortality. Candesartan was associated with similar treatment effects regardless of baseline rhythm.Conclusions Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of CV outcomes in patients with CHF and either reduced EF or PEF. Candesartan improved outcomes similarly regardless of baseline rhythm.

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“In two large epidemiologic studies (24,25), the prevalence of AF was greater in CHF patients with preserved ejection fractions than in those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, though the rates of AF were similar in patients with systolic as compared to diastolic CHF in one clinical trial (20).”
Result
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Black‐Maier, E., Ren, X., Steinberg, B. A., Green, C. L., Barnett, A. S., Rosa, N. S., Al‐Khatib, S. M., Atwater, B. D., Daubert, J. P., Frazier‐Mills, C. G., et al. (2017) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.12.001 · Cited by 148
Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Future Directions
Pellman, J., & Sheikh, F. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140047 · Cited by 191
Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Structural Heart Disease
Darby, A. E., & Dimarco, J. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.019935 · Cited by 141
Efficacy, Safety, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Machino‐Ohtsuka, T., Seo, Y., Ishizu, T., Sugano, A., Atsumi, A., Yamamoto, M., Kawamura, R., Machino, T., Kuroki, K., Yamasaki, H., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.020 · Cited by 139
Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
McManus, D. D., Hsu, G., Sung, S. H., Saczynski, J. S., Smith, D. H., Magid, D. J., Gurwitz, J. H., Goldberg, R. J., & Go, A. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.005694 · Cited by 139
“We observed that incident AF conveyed a particularly high hazard of ischemic stroke ( 2.5-fold higher adjusted rates compared with no AF), which is consistent with previous analyses.29 Of note, however, preexisting AF was associated with higher adjusted hazard of ischemic stroke in those with HF-PEF but not for those…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
New-onset atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized heart failure patients: results of the EuroHeart Failure Survey
Rivero‐Ayerza, M., Reimer, W. J. M. S. O., Lenzen, M. J., Theuns, D. A. M. J., Jordaens, L. J. L. M., Michel Komajda, N., Folláth, F., Swedberg, K. B., & Cleland, J. G. F. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn217 · Cited by 134
“85 with reduced LVEF).(11) In agreement with these findings, the DIG investigators reported that the development of new-onset supraventricular arrhythmias was independently associated with a reduced survival during the follow-up (HR 1⁄4 2.”
Result
Beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Martin, N., Manoharan, K., Thomas, J., Davies, C., & Lumbers, R. T. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012721.pub2 · Cited by 131
Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects
Rienstra, M., Tzeis, S., Bunting, K. V., Caso, V., Crijns, H. J. G. M., De Potter, T. J. R., Sanders, P., Svennberg, E., Casado-Arroyo, R., Dwight, J., et al. (2024) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euae298 · Cited by 128
Cardiac Fibrosis and Arrhythmogenesis
Nguyen, M., Kiriazis, H., Gao, X., & Du, X. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160046 · Cited by 153
Atrial fibrillation and subtype of atrial fibrillation in cardiac amyloidosis: clinical and echocardiographic features, impact on mortality
Sanchis, K., Cariou, E., Colombat, M., Ribes, D., Huart, A., Cintas, P., Fournier, P., Rollin, A., Carrié, D., Galinier, M., et al. (2019) · Amyloid · doi:10.1080/13506129.2019.1620724 · Cited by 125
“Patients with AF and heart failure suffer from a worse prognosis with increased mortality whatever the LV ejection fraction [22,23].”
Background
Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review
DEEDWANIA, P. C., & Lardizabal, J. A. (2010) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.06.033 · Cited by 113
Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Čikeš, M., Claggett, B. L., Shah, A. M., Desai, A. S., Lewis, E. F., Shah, S. J., Anand, I. S., O’Meara, E., Rouleau, J. L., Sweitzer, N. K., et al. (2018) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2018.05.005 · Cited by 115
Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure
Neuberger, H., Mewis, C., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Schotten, U., Gelder, I. C. V., Allessie, M. A., & Böhm, M. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm341 · Cited by 101
The Prognostic Significance of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure with a Preserved and Reduced Left Ventricular Function: Insights from a Meta-Analysis
Cheng, M., Lu, X., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., & Gu, D. (2014) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.187 · Cited by 101
The Importance of Whether Atrial Fibrillation or Heart Failure Develops First
Smit, M. D., Moes, M. L., Maass, A. H., Achekar, I. D., van Geel, P. P., Hillege, H. L., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & Gelder, I. C. V. (2012) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs097 · Cited by 100
“Interestingly, AF has been associated with a greater risk of major adverse events in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction than in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction.(6,32) In heart failure first patients, severe structural remodelling may predominate above functional changes.”
Background
Right Heart Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation
Gorter, T. M., van Melle, J. P., Rienstra, M., Borlaug, B. A., Hummel, Y. M., Gelder, I. C. V., Hoendermis, E. S., Voors, A. A., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & Lam, C. S. P. (2017) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.11.005 · Cited by 102
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population
Nielsen, J. C., Lin, Y., Figueiredo, M. J. D. O., Shamloo, A. S., Alfie, A., Bovéda, S., Dagres, N., Toro, D. D., Eckhardt, L. L., Ellenbogen, K. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.12338 · Cited by 106
Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in Cardiology Practice: Reciprocal Impact and Combined Management From the Perspective of Atrial Fibrillation
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population
Nielsen, J. C., Lin, Y.-J., de Oliveira Figueiredo, M. J., Sepehri Shamloo, A., Alfie, A., Boveda, S., Dagres, N., Di Toro, D., Eckhardt, L. L., Ellenbogen, K., et al. (2020) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaa065 · Cited by 98
European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
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Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options
Lip, G. Y. H., Gelder, I. C. V., Bax, J. J., Hylek, E. M., Kääb, S., Schotten, U., Wegscheider, K., Boriani, G., Ezekowitz, M. D., Diener, H. C., et al. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th11-07-0517 · Cited by 91
The continuum of personalized cardiovascular medicine: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology
Kirchhof, P. F., Medicine, E. C. R. A. E. A. W. S. O. P., Sipido, K. R., Medicine, E. C. R. A. E. A. W. S. O. P., Cowie, M., Medicine, E. C. R. A. E. A. W. S. O. P., Eschenhagen, T., Medicine, E. C. R. A. E. A. W. S. O. P., Fox, K. A. A., Medicine, E. C. R. A. E. A. W. S. O. P., et al. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu312 · Cited by 93
Clinical Impact of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With the HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device
Enriquez, A. D., Calenda, B. W., Gandhi, P. U., Nair, A. P., Anyanwu, A., & Pinney, S. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.989 · Cited by 89
Systemic sclerosis - continuing progress in developing clinical measures of response.
Furst, D. E., Khanna, D., Matucci‐Cerinic, M., Clements, P. J., Steen, V. D., Pope, J. E., Merkel, P. A., Foeldvari, I., Seibold, J. R., Pittrow, D., et al. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 87
Management of Arrhythmias in Heart Failure
Masarone, D., Limongelli, G., Rubino, M., Valente, F., Vastarella, R., Ammendola, E., Gravino, R., Verrengia, M., Salerno, G., & Pacileo, G. (2017) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd4010003 · Cited by 85
“Atrial fibrillation per se contributes to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity of stroke and thromboembolism, and silent AF is common among patients with HF [4], not infrequently leading to a first presentation of AF with an ischemic stroke [5].”
Background
Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
Jalife, J., Allessie, M. A., Antzelevitch, C. N., Iesaka, Y., Jackman, W. M., Scheinman, M. M., & Chen, S. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119963868.ch2 · Cited by 86
A prospective STudy using invAsive haemodynamic measurements foLLowing catheter ablation for AF and early HFpEF : STALL AF‐HFpEF
Sugumar, H., Nanayakkara, S., Vizi, D., Wright, L. M., Chieng, D., Leet, A. S., Mariani, J. A., Voskoboinik, A., Prabhu, S., Taylor, A. J., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2122 · Cited by 84
Comparison of Benefits and Mortality in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Patients in Sinus Rhythm (Results of the Spanish Atrial Fibrillation and Resynchronization [SPARE] Study)
Tolosana, J. M., Hernández‐Madrid, A., Brugada, J., Sitges, M., Bolao, I. G., Lozano, I. F., Ferrer, J. M., Quesada, A., Macı́as, A., Marín, W. V., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.008 · Cited by 84
Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban Compared with Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Insights from ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48
Magnani, G., Giugliano, R. P., Ruff, C. T., Murphy, S. A., Nordio, F., Metra, M., Moccetti, T., Mitrović, V. L., Shi, M., Mercuri, M. F., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.595 · Cited by 83
Dapagliflozin and atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from DAPA‐HF
Butt, J. H., Docherty, K. F., Jhund, P. S., de Boer, R. A., Böhm, M., Desai, A. S., Howlett, J. G., Inzucchi, S. E., Kosiborod, M., Martínez, F. A., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2381 · Cited by 83
Irregular Rhythm Adversely Influences Calcium Handling in Ventricular Myocardium
Ling, L., Khammy, O., BYRNE, M. J., Amirahmadi, F., Foster, A., Li, G., Zhang, L., dos Remedios, C. G., Chen, C., & Kaye, D. M. (2012) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.112.968321 · Cited by 80
Implications of Atrial Fibrillation for Guideline-Directed Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure
Newman, J. D., O’Meara, E., Böhm, M., Savarese, G., Kelly, P. R., Vardeny, O., Allen, L. A., Lancellotti, P., Gottlieb, S. S., Samad, Z. Z., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.033 · Cited by 87
A history of atrial fibrillation and outcomes in chronic advanced systolic heart failure: a propensity-matched study
Ahmed, M. I., White, M., Ekundayo, O. J., Love, T. E., Aban, I., Liu, B., Aronow, W. S., & Ahmed, A. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp222 · Cited by 79
Contemporary Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Update on Anticoagulation and Invasive Management Strategies
Crandall, M. A., Bradley, D. J., Packer, D. L., & Asirvatham, S. J. (2009) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/84.7.643 · Cited by 79
Biomarkers of Inflammation in Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Mocan, M., Hognogi, L. D. M., Anton, F. P., Chiorescu, R. M., Goidescu, C. M., Stoia, M. A., & Fărcaș, A. D. (2019) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2019/7583690 · Cited by 79
Prognostic Value of Minimal Left Atrial Volume in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Shin, S., Claggett, B. L., Inciardi, R. M., Santos, Â. B. S., Shah, S. J., Zile, M. R., Pfeffer, M. A., Shah, A. M., & Solomon, S. D. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019545 · Cited by 77
EACVI recommendations on cardiovascular imaging for the detection of embolic sources: endorsed by the Canadian Society of Echocardiography
Cohen, A. A., Donal, E., Delgado, V., Pepi, M., Tsang, T. S. M., Gerber, B. L., Soulat-Dufour, L., Habib, G., Lancellotti, P., Evangelista, A., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeab008 · Cited by 76
Effect of Valsartan and Ramipril on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence and P-wave dispersion in Hypertensive Patients With Recurrent Symptomatic Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Fogari, R., Derosa, G., Ferrari, I., Corradi, L., Zoppi, A., Lazzari, P., Santoro, T., Preti, P. S., & Mugellini, A. (2008) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.217 · Cited by 76
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction: A Clinical and Echocardiographic Study
Fung, J. W., Sanderson, J. E., Yip, G. W., Zhang, Q., & Yu, C. (2007) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.04.014 · Cited by 76
Effects of Atrial Fibrillation on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure in Japan A Report From the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD)
Hamaguchi, S., Yokoshiki, H., Kinugawa, S., Tsuchihashi‐Makaya, M., Yokota, T., Takeshita, A., Tsutsui, H., & The JCARE-CARD Investigators (2009) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0316 · Cited by 76
Outcomes of Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Khazanie, P., Liang, L., Qualls, L. G., Curtis, L. H., Fonarow, G. C., Hammill, B. G., Hammill, S. C., Heidenreich, P. A., Masoudi, F. A., Hernandez, A. F., et al. (2014) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.11.002 · Cited by 75
“Consistent with findings from clinical trials (4,22), the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HF and AF was low.”
Result
Atrial Fibrillation Significantly Increases Total Mortality and Stroke Risk Beyond that Conveyed by the CHADS2 Risk Factors
Crandall, M. A., Horne, B. D., DAY, J. D., Anderson, J. L., Muhlestein, J. B., Crandall, B. G., Weiss, J. P., OSBORNE, J. S., LAPPE, D. L., & Bunch, T. J. (2009) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02427.x · Cited by 74
2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation
Tzeis, S. E., Gerstenfeld, E. P., Kalman, J. M., Saad, E., Shamloo, A. S., Andrade, J. G., Barbhaiya, C. R., Baykaner, T., Bovéda, S., Calkins, H. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.13082 · Cited by 76
The Role of Multimorbidity in Patients with Heart Failure Across the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Spectrum: Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Tomasoni, D., Vitale, C., Guidetti, F., Benson, L., Braunschweig, F., Dahlström, U., Melin, M., Rosano, G. M. C., Lund, L. H., Metra, M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.3112 · Cited by 78
Associations between atrial fibrillation and early outcomes of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction
Eapen, Z. J., Greiner, M. A., Fonarow, G. C., Yuan, Ž., Mills, R. M., Hernandez, A. F., & Curtis, L. H. (2013) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.12.001 · Cited by 71
The Relationship between Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Mortality in Patients with Acute Heart Failure: Insights from the ASCEND-HF Trial
Toma, M., Ezekowitz, J. A., Bakal, J. A., O’Connor, C. M., Hernandez, A. F., Sardar, M. R., Zolty, R., Massie, B. M., Swedberg, K. B., Armstrong, P. W., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.19 · Cited by 69
Effect of Nebivolol on Outcome in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from SENIORS
Mulder, B. A., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Böhm, M., Solal, A. C., Babalis, D. S., Roughton, M., Flather, M. D., Coats, A. J. S., & Gelder, I. C. V. (2012) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs100 · Cited by 69
“However, a subanalysis of CHARM showed that the presence of AF as an adverse prognostic indicator was of a greater magnitude in those with preserved ejection fraction.(11,34) Consistent with this subanalysis, a recently published study showed that AF was independently related to death or heart failure hospitalization…”
BackgroundMethodResult
Combination of Circulating Type I Collagen-Related Biomarkers Is Associated With Atrial Fibrillation
Ravassa, S., Ballesteros, G., López, B., Ramos, P., Bragard, J. R., González, A., Moreno, M. U., Querejeta, R., Vives, E., García‐Bolao, I., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.074 · Cited by 67

Authors: Olsson, L. G., Swedberg, K., Ducharme, A., Granger, C. B., Michelson, E. L., McMurray, J. J. V., Puu, M., Yusuf, S., & Pfeffer, M. A.
Affiliations: Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
Montreal Heart Institute (CA)
Duke Medical Center (US)
AstraZeneca (United States) (US)
Western Infirmary (GB)
AstraZeneca (Sweden) (SE)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Swedberg, Karl
ORCID: Swedberg, Karl
Ducharme, Anique
Granger, Christopher B.
McMurray, John J.V.
Yusuf, Salim
Pfeffer, Marc A.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-05
Volume: 47
Issue: 10
Pages: 1997-2004
ISSN: 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.060
OpenAlex: W104425974
Cited by: 574
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 23.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2670 d)
Locations: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, preserved ejection fraction, candesartan, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for worsening heart failure, all-cause mortality, CHARM trial, angiotensin receptor blockers
MeSH terms: Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Benzimidazoles, Biphenyl Compounds, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Female, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk, Stroke Volume, Tetrazoles, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers

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Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Clinical Events in Chronic Heart Failure With and Without Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

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