Effects of High-Dose Modified-Release Nicotinic Acid on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Function
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Objectives Our aim was to determine the effects of high-dose (2 g) nicotinic acid (NA) on progression of atherosclerosis and measures of vascular function.Background NA raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is widely used as an adjunct to statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Although changes in plasma lipoproteins suggest potential benefit, there is limited evidence of the effects of NA on disease progression when added to contemporary statin treatment.Methods We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 2 g daily modified-release NA added to statin therapy in 71 patients with low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl) and either: 1) type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease; or 2) carotid/peripheral atherosclerosis. The primary end point was the change in carotid artery wall area, quantified by magnetic resonance imaging, after 1 year.Results NA increased HDL-C by 23% and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19%. At 12 months, NA significantly reduced carotid wall area compared with placebo (adjusted treatment difference: -1.64 mm(2) [95% confidence interval: -3.12 to -0.16]; p = 0.03). Mean change in carotid wall area was -1.1 +/- 2.6 mm(2) for NA versus +1.2 +/- 3.0 mm(2) for placebo. In both the treatment and placebo groups, larger plaques were more prone to changes in size (r = 0.4, p = 0.04 for placebo, and r = -0.5, p = 0.02 for NA).Conclusions In statin-treated patients with low HDL-C, high-dose modified-release NA, compared with placebo, significantly reduces carotid atherosclerosis within 12 months. (Oxford Niaspan Study: Effects of Niaspan on Atherosclerosis and Endothelial Function; NCT00232531).
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In statin-treated patients with low HDL-C, high-dose modified-release nicotinic acid significantly reduced carotid wall area on MRI at 1 year compared with placebo.
“In statin-treated patients with low HDL-C, high dose, modified release nicotinic acid, compared with placebo, significantly reduced carotid wall area, quantified by magnetic resonance imaging after 1 year.133”
From ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias (2011) · cites this paper as [133]
A recent meta-analysis suggests that nicotinic acid alone or in combination with statin may add further benefit in stroke prevention.
“A recent meta-analysis suggests that nicotinic acid alone or in combination with statin may add further benefit in stroke prevention.133”
From ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias (2011) · cites this paper as [133]
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Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events
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HDL and cardiovascular disease
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“), based on their previously published methods (19,23,24).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationAtherosclerotic plaque stabilization and regression: a review of clinical evidence
Sarraju, A., & Nissen, S. E. (2024) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00979-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease
Warraich, H. J., & Rana, J. S. (2017) · Cardiovascular Endocrinology · doi:10.1097/xce.0000000000000120 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Califf, R. M., Lokhnygina, Y. V., Cannon, C. P., Stepanavage, M. E., McCabe, C. H., Musliner, T. A., Pasternak, R. C., Blazing, M. A., Giugliano, R. P., Harrington, R. A., et al. (2010) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.03.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effect of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Plasma Lipid Levels
Carswell, K. A., Belgaumkar, A. P., Amiel, S. A., & Patel, A. G. (2015) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1829-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
GPR109A and Vascular Inflammation
Chai, J. T., Digby, J. E., & Choudhury, R. P. (2013) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0325-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationNiacin Increases Adiponectin and Decreases Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Wanders, D., Graff, E. C., White, B. D., & Judd, R. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071285 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Since many of the cytokines we examined are produced by both adipocytes and macrophages (MCP-1, TNF-a, IL-10, IL-1b), it will be important in the future to separate the stromal vascular fraction from the adipocyte fraction to determine the effects of niacin in each of these cell types.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Effect of Ezetimibe on Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerosis Depends Upon Statin Use at Baseline
West, A. M., Anderson, J. D., Meyer, C., Epstein, F., Wang, H., Hagspiel, K., Berr, S., Harthun, N., Dimaria, J. M., Hunter, J. R., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.005 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Niacin, an old drug with a new twist
Song, W., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r040592 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Michos, E. D., Sibley, C. T., Baer, J., Blaha, M. J., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.045 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Therapeutic Role of Niacin in Dyslipidemia Management
Boden, W. E., Sidhu, M. S., & Toth, P. P. (2013) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248413514481 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Both the Oxford Niaspan and ARBITER 6 studies were conducted in patients on statin therapy and wellmanaged LDL-C levels at baseline, and each demonstrated that niacin, by elevating HDL-C, reducing TG, LDL-C, and inflammation, could reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden.(132,133)”
BackgroundMethodSun, J., Balu, N., Hippe, D. S., Xue, Y., Dong, L., Zhao, X., Li, F., Xu, D., Hatsukami, T. S., & Yuan, C. (2013) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.13121702 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Imaging Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis Trials
Tardif, J., Lesage, F., Harel, F., Roméo, P., & Pressacco, J. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.110.962001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis: from biology to pharmacological treatment
Riccioni, G., & Sblendorio, V. (2012) · Journal of Geriatric Cardiology · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1263.2012.02132 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Guía de la ESC/EAS sobre el manejo de las dislipemias
Reiner, Ž., Catapano, A. L., Backer, G. D., Graham, I. M., Taskinen, M., Wiklund, O., Agewall, S., Alegría, E., Chapman, M. J., Durrington, P. N., et al. (2011) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2011.09.014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationNutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Prevention: Lessons from Studies on Endothelial Function
Zuchi, C., Ambrosio, G., Lüscher, T. F., & Landmesser, U. (2010) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00165.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“1 after 6 and 12 months, respectively), that did, however, not reach statistical significance [60].”
BackgroundInfluentialNon-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis
Joshi, F. R., Lindsay, A. C., Obaid, D. R., Falk, E., & Rudd, J. H. F. (2012) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jer319 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“wall in response to anti-atherosclerotic therapy has already been described with statins(49) and nicotinic acid.(50) In a recent study,(51) serial carotid MR was able to demonstrate that lipid”
MethodHorimatsu, T., Blomkalns, A. L., Ogbi, M., Moses, M. M., Kim, D. S., Patel, S. Y., Gilreath, N., Reid, L. E., Benson, T. W., Pye, J., et al. (2019) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvz303 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
VersorgungsLeitlinie, N. (2011) · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nicotinic acid as a lipid-modifying drug – A review
Julius, U., & Fischer, S. (2013) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.036 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Combination therapy in dyslipidemia: Where are we now?
Catapano, A. L., Farnier, M., Foody, J. M., Toth, P. P., Tomassini, J. E., Brudi, P., & Tershakovec, A. M. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.026 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Niacin in Cardiovascular Disease: Recent Preclinical and Clinical Developments
Digby, J. E., Ruparelia, N., & Choudhury, R. P. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.236315 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease
Estrada-Luna, D., Ortiz-Rodríguez, M. A., Medina-Briseño, L., Carreón‐Torres, E., Vega, J. A. I., Sharma, A. K., Cancino‐Díaz, J. C., Pérez-Méndez, O. A., Belefant‐Miller, H., & Cabrera, G. B. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23112730 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Treatments that modulate the lipid profile by increasing HDL and decreasing LDL concentrations may reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in humans [52].”
BackgroundEffects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis
Zhong, O., Wang, J., Tan, Y., Lei, X., & Tang, Z. (2022) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-022-00653-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Houston, M. C. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00576.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Niacin: another look at an underutilized lipid-lowering medication
Creider, J. C., Hegele, R. A., & JOY, T. R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.22 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lipid control in patients with diabetes mellitus
Betteridge, D. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2011.23 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brinjikji, W., Lehman, V. T., Kallmes, D. F., Rabinstein, A. A., Lanzino, G. S., Murad, M. H., Mulvagh, S. L., Klaas, J. P., Graff‐Radford, J., DeMarco, K. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2016.12.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sibley, C. T., Vavere, A. L., Gottlieb, I., Cox, C., Matheson, M. B., Spooner, A. E., Godoy, G., Fernandes, V., Wasserman, B. A., Bluemke, D. A., et al. (2013) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303926 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mateuszuk, Ł., Jasztal, A., Kuś, E., Gąsior‐Głogowska, M., Barańśka, M., Sitek, B., Kostogrys, R. B., Zakrzewska, A., Kij, A., Walczak, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.115.228643 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“In clinical studies, NicA reduced carotid atherosclerosis (Lee et al., 2009) and improved nitric oxide (NO)–dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery (Thoenes et al.”
BackgroundNiacin as antidyslipidemic drug
Julius, U. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2014-0478 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Importancia del colesterol HDL en la aterotrombosis. ¿De dónde venimos? ¿Hacia dónde vamos?
Badimón, J. J., Santos‐Gallego, C. G., & Badimón, L. (2010) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(10)70150-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zhou, E., Li, Y., Yao, M., Wei, Z., Fu, Y., & Yang, Z. (2014) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque stenosis: the stabilizing role of statins
Artom, N., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., & Pende, A. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12340 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“As a matter of fact, the progression of the atherosclerotic carotid stenosis can be therapeutically modulated by different lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, ezetimibe, niacin, torcetrapib [3-12].”
BackgroundMéndez, A. A., Hernández-Equihua, M. G., Rueda-Rocha, A. C., Guajardo-López, C., Nieto-Aguilar, R., Serrato-Ochoa, D., Ruíz‐Herrera, L. F., & Guzmán-Nateras, J. A. (2018) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nicotinic Acid Activates the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1
Ma, L., Lee, B. H., Mao, R., Cai, A., Jia, Y., Clifton, H. L., Schaefer, S., Xu, L., & Zheng, J. (2014) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.113.303346 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kylintireas, I., Craig, S., Nethononda, R. M., Kohler, M., Francis, J. M., Choudhury, R. P., Stradling, J. R., & Neubauer, S. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.036 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSahebkar, A. (2014) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x13515766 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Halcox, J., & Misra, A. (2014) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2014.0049 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“03) compared with placebo, suggesting a regression of atherosclerosis (Table 4).(120) In the Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6–HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies in Atherosclerosis (ARBITER 6HALTS) trial, 363 patients with atherosclerotic CVD or coronary heart dise…”
Kühnast, S., Louwe, M. C., Heemskerk, M. M., Pieterman, E. J., van Klinken, J. B., van den Berg, S. A. A., Smit, J. W. A., Havekes, L. M., Rensen, P. C. N., van der Hoorn, J. W. A., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066467 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In this study, we aimed to address the discrepancy between the beneficial effects of niacin in initial clinical trials [3–6, 14 ] and the lack of effect of niacin on top of statin First,we showed that niacin and simvastatin both reduced plasma lipid levels.”
InfluentialRole for Combination Therapy in Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Warraich, H. J., Wong, N. D., & Rana, J. S. (2015) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0589-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The HALTS Trial — Halting Atherosclerosis or Halted Too Early?
Blumenthal, R. S., & Michos, E. D. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme0908838 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Effects of niacin on atherosclerosis and vascular function
Ruparelia, N., Digby, J. E., & Choudhury, R. P. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e3283410c16 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationHamilton, S. J., Chew, G. T., Davis, T. M. E., & Watts, G. F. (2010) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164110376206 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Niacin also improves carotid atherosclerosis in statin-treated subjects with CAD or risk equivalents.(11,12) Our pilot study extends these observations by assessing the impact of niacin therapy on small artery function in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with endothelial dysfunction.”
ResultLandmark Lipid‐Lowering Trials in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Chrispin, J., Martin, S. S., Hasan, R. K., Joshi, P. H., Minder, C. M., McEvoy, J. W., Kohli, P., Johnson, A. E., Wang, L., Blaha, M. J., et al. (2013) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.22147 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of HDL-modifiers on cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
Verdoia, M., Schaffer, A., Suryapranata, H., & Luca, G. D. (2014) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.09.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Niacin supplementation has been suggested to prevent atherosclerosis progression at both coronary angiography and carotid IMT measurement and potentially to reduce cardiovascular events [19,34].”
BackgroundKang, H. J., Kim, D. K., Lee, S. M., Kim, K. H., Han, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, S. E., Son, Y. K., & An, W. S. (2012) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.krcp.2012.12.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Recent studies using niacin showed that a typical starting dose of niacin was 500 mg or 1 g/day, and the dose was advanced in phases to reach a given target dose to accommodate the drug’s adverse effects [3,4,10,11].”
Emerging therapeutic strategies to enhance HDL function
Redondo, S., Martínez‐González, J., Urraca, C., & Tejerina, T. (2011) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-10-175 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This technology has made it possible to demonstrate that in animal models atherosclerotic plaques are reduced when HDL function is enhanced [7], and that pharmacologic treatments that modulate lipid profile (enhance HDL and decrease LDL) are able to reduce atherosclerosis progression in humans [8].”
BackgroundTherapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases
Rotllán, N., Camacho, M., Tondo, M., Diarte‐Añazco, E. M. G., Canyelles, M., Méndez‐Lara, K. A., Benı́tez, S., Alonso, N., Mauricio, D., Escolá‐Gil, J. C., et al. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10121939 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Reappraisal of the Risks and Benefits of Treating to Target with Cholesterol Lowering Drugs
Alla, V. M., Agrawal, V., DeNazareth, A., Mohiuddin, S., Ravilla, S., & Rendell, M. (2013) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0072-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Lee [51] 71 Niacin (2 g/day) vs placebo in statin treated patients with HDLc \40 mg% 1 year MRI of carotid arteries Change in carotid artery wall area Niacin superior to placebo in decreasing carotid atherosclerosis”
BackgroundYadav, R., Liu, Y., Kwok, S., Hama, S., France, M. W., Eatough, R., Pemberton, P., Schofield, J. D., Siahmansur, T. J., Malik, R. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001508 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationArea-Preserving Mapping of 3D Carotid Ultrasound Images Using Density-Equalizing Reference Map
Choi, G. P. T., Chiu, B. C. Y., & Rycroft, C. H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2963783 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Established Hypolipidemic Drugs on HDL Concentration, Subclass Distribution, and Function
Gomaraschi, M., Adorni, M. P., Banach, M., Bernini, F., Franceschini, G., & Calabresi, L. (2014) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_19 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Recent studies analyzed the effect of niacin treatment in patients with established CAD on top of the existing statin therapy; two of them failed to detect any significant improvement of FMD, while in one case FMD was significantly increased only in the subgroup of patients with a low baseline HDL-C level (Lee et al.…”
BackgroundNicotinic Acid Receptor GPR109A Is Down-Regulated in Human Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells
Chai, J. T., Digby, J. E., Ruparelia, N., Jefferson, A., Handa, A. I., & Choudhury, R. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062934 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular MRI in clinical trials: expanded applications through novel surrogate endpoints
Pitcher, A., Ashby, D., Elliott, P., & Petersen, S. E. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2011.225904 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
van Wijk, D. F., Strang, A. C., Duivenvoorden, R., Enklaar, D.-J. F., van der Geest, R. J., Kastelein, J. J. P., de Groot, E., Stroes, E. S. G., & Nederveen, A. J. (2013) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-013-0407-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“In agreement, several other studies have demonstrated a high reproducibility[6-9] and feasibility to utilize carotid MRI as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials[10-12].”
ResultPhilpott, A. C., Hubacek, J., Sun, Y., Hillard, D., & Anderson, T. J. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.067 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nicotinic Acid is a Common Regulator of Heat-Sensing TRPV1-4 Ion Channels
Ma, L., Lee, B. H., Clifton, H. L., Schaefer, S., & Zheng, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08906 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Extended-release niacin with laropiprant: a review on efficacy, clinical effectiveness and safety
Yadav, R., France, M. W., Younis, N., Hama, S., Ammori, B. J., Kwok, S., & Soran, H. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.690395 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“03) and there was an inverse relationship between this outcome and HDL-C [91].”
BackgroundKlančič, T., Woodward, L., Hofmann, S. M., & Fisher, E. A. A. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.03.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“2009([75]) Modified-release niacin þ23 Change in carotid wall area, quantified by MRI Significant reduction in carotid wall area at 12 months in the niacin group, compared with placebo Placebo (all received statin therapy) þ3”
MethodEnergy Drink Ingredients and their Effect on Endothelial Function: A Review
Higgins, J. P. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.23937/2378-2951/1410006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Another study evaluating niacin therapy for twelve months also showed a significant decrease in carotid intima-media thickness as well as an improvement in ECF [37].”
BackgroundYan, T., Ye, X., Chopp, M., Zacharek, A., Ning, R., Venkat, P., Roberts, C. J., Lü, M., & Chen, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081199 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Niacin significantly reduced carotid arteriosclerosis, substantially increased HDL and decreased LDL [55] and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiarteriosclerosis effects [56].”
BackgroundAdiels, M., Chapman, M. J., Robillard, P., Krempf, M., Laville, M., & Borén, J. (2018) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2018.03.083 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Li, P., Zhen, R., Wang, L., Feng, J., Xie, Y., Yang, B., Xiong, Y., Niu, J., Wu, Q., et al. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109054 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Incremento de las HDL como arma terapéutica en la aterotrombosis
Badimón, J. J., & Ibáñez, B. (2010) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(10)70091-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein levels and risk of cardiovascular events
Mureddu, G. F., Brandimarte, F., & Luca, L. D. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834bb3c8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gianfrilli, D., Lauretta, R., Dato, C. D., Graziadio, C., Pozza, C., Larichaudy, J. D., Giannetta, E., Isidori, A. M., & Lenzi, A. (2011) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01234.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In patients with atherosclerotic disease, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (‘statins’) has consistently shown reduction in major cardiovascular events and mortality (Lee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundNicholls, S. J. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.021 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“More recent studies using magnetic resonance maging demonstrated similarly beneficial effects of niacin n carotid atherosclerosis in some (10), but not all (11), tudies.”
BackgroundNiacin reduces plasma CETP levels by diminishing liver macrophage content in CETP transgenic mice
Li, Z., Wang, Y., van der Sluis, R. J., van der Hoorn, J. W. A., Princen, H. M. G., Eck, M. V., van Berkel, T. J. C., Rensen, P. C. N., & Hoekstra, M. (2012) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Several clinical trials have shown that niacin reduces cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction incidence, providing an emerging rationale for the use of niacin in the treatment of atherosclerosis [4,5].”
BackgroundNiacin Alternatives for Dyslipidemia: Fool’s Gold or Gold Mine? Part II: Novel Niacin Mimetics
Goel, H., & Dunbar, R. L. (2016) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0570-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Holzhäuser, E., Albrecht, C., Zhou, Q., Buttler, A., Preusch, M. R., Blessing, E., Katus, H. A., & Bea, F. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e31820dc1db · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke: Assessing Risk with Vessel Wall MRI
Kerwin, W. S. (2012) · ISRN Cardiology · doi:10.5402/2012/180710 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Thus, the importance of plaque burden for characterizing risk remains uncertain, although burden remains important for studies evaluating plaque progression and response to treatment [68–71].”
BackgroundHochholzer, W., Berg, D. D., & Giugliano, R. P. (2011) · Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease · doi:10.1177/1753944711419197 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“After 1 year, the extended-release niacin group had a significant reduction in mean carotid wall area compared with placebo ( 1.1±2.6 mm2 compared with + 1.2±3.0 mm2; p¼ 0.03) [Lee et al. 2009].”
MethodInfluential
- Authors
- Lee, J. M. S., Robson, M. D., Yu, L.-M., Shirodaria, C. C., Cunnington, C., Kylintireas, I., Digby, J. E., Bannister, T., Handa, A., Wiesmann, F., Durrington, P. N., Channon, K. M., Neubauer, S., & Choudhury, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Choudhury, Robin P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1787-1794
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104463342
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 43.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Merck KGaA
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10247)
- University of Oxford
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- nicotinic acid, atherosclerosis, carotid intima-media thickness, vascular function, statin therapy, low HDL cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, endothelial function, lipid-lowering therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Hypolipidemic Agents, Carotid Artery Diseases, Delayed-Action Preparations, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Niacin, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Treatment Outcome, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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