High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease
Abstract
Lipid and lipoprotein values, including fasting triglycerides and high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and total cholesterol levels, were obtained on 2,815 men and women aged 49 to 82 years chiefly between 1969 and 1971 at Framingham. In the approximately four years following the characterization of lipids, coronary heart disease developed in 79 of the 1,025 men and 63 of the 1,445 women free of coronary heart diseases. At these older ages the major potent lipid risk factor was HDL cholesterol, which had an inverse association with the incidence of coronary heart disease (p less than 0.001) in either men or women. This lipid was associated with each major manifestation of coronary heart disease. These associations were equally significant even when other lipids and other standard risk factors for coronary heart disease were taken into consideration. A weaker association with the incidence of coronary heart disease (p less than 0.05) was observed for LDL cholesterol. Triglycerides were associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease only in women and then only when the level of other lipids was not taken into account. At these ages total cholesterol was not associated with the risk of coronary heart disease.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In 1977, a collaborative study reported that individuals with coronary disease had lower HDL concentrations than healthy participants across multiple ethnicities.
“That same year, in collaboration with other epidemiological studies in the United States, investigators reported that individuals with coronary disease had lower HDL concentrations than healthy participants across multiple ethnicities.75”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [75]
The classical view on the relationship between serum lipid levels and risk for cardiovascular events states that serum high LDL and low HDL cholesterol level is a risk combination for cardiovascular events.
“The classical view on the relationship between serum lipid levels and risk for cardiovascular events, formulated based on the findings of the Framingham study41 and since confirmed by many epidemiological studies, states that serum high LDL and low HDL cholesterol level is a risk combination for cardiovascular events42.”
From Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses (2016) · cites this paper as [41]
The Framingham Heart Study was the first large epidemiological study in the U.S. to demonstrate an inverse association between low HDL-C and coronary heart disease.
“The Framingham Heart Study was the first large epidemiological study in the U.S to demonstrate an inverse association between low HDL-C and coronary heart disease32”
From Is Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?: New Insights From the Framingham Offspring Study (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease.
(1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-503_7 · Cited by 7,807 · see citing works
Abell, L. L., Levy, B. B., Brodie, B. B., & Kendall, F. E. (1952) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50907-3 · Cited by 3,085 · see citing works
PLASMA-HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE
Miller, G. J., & Miller, N. E. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92376-4 · Cited by 2,621 · see citing works
Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study.
Kannel, W., Castelli, W., Gordon, T., & McNamara, P. M. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1 · Cited by 2,160 · see citing works
Self-citationFat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701052760107 · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
Estimation of the Probability of an Event as a Function of Several Independent Variables
Walker, S. H., & Duncan, D. B. (1967) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/54.1-2.167 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Serum Lipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease in a Population Study of Hawaii Japanese Men
Rhoads, G. G., Gulbrandsen, C. L., & Kagan, A. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197602052940601 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE IN RELATION TO FASTING VALUES OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES AND CHOLESTEROL
Carlson, L., & Böttiger, L. E. (1972) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90738-6 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196702022760507 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Protein-lipid relationships in human plasma
Barr, D. P., Russ, E. M., & Eder, H. A. (1951) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90183-0 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Sur un dosage rapide du cholesterol lié aux α-et aux β-lipoprotéines du sérum
Burstein, M., & Samaille, J. (1960) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(60)90075-9 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Ischemic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Longevity
Gofman, J. W., Young, W., & Tandy, R. K. (1966) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.34.4.679 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease
Gutman, A. B. (1972) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.1972.11706203 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701192760305 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701122760206 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701262760406 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Protein-lipid relationships in human plasma
Russ, E. M., Eder, H. A., & Barr, D. P. (1951) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90182-9 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Serum lipids, hypertension and coronary artery disease
Albrink, M. J., Meigs, J. W., & Man, E. B. (1961) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(61)90220-0 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Effect of exercise and physical fitness on serum lipids and lipoproteins
Lopez‐S, A., Vial, R., Balart, L., & ARROYAVE, G. (1974) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(74)90073-2 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Metabolic relationships among the plasma lipoproteins
Wilson, D. E., & Lees, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106896 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Quantitative and qualitative serum lipoprotein analysis
Carlson, L. A., & Ericsson, M. (1975) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(75)90054-4 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Physiological Ce:Roles of Lecithin—Cholesterol Acyltransferase
Glomset, J. A. (1970) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/23.8.1129 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Quantitative and qualitative serum lipoprotein analysis
Carlson, L. A., & Ericsson, M. (1975) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(75)90055-6 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lipid metabolism in cultured cells
Bailey, J. M. (1966) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(66)90064-6 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The George E. Brown Memorial Lecture
Barr, D. P. (1953) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.8.5.641 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Castelli, W. P., Cooper, G. R., Doyle, J. T., García-Palmieri, M. R., Gordon, T., Hames, C. G., Hulley, S. B., Kagan, A., Kuchmak, M., McGee, D., et al. (1977) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(77)90082-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationINFLUENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION
Dodds, C., & MILLS, G. L. (1959) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(59)91178-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Jencks, W. P., Hyatt, M. R., Jetton, M. R., Mattingly, T. W., & DURRUM, E. L. (1956) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103358 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
SERUM LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS IN CORONARY SCLEROSIS AND ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS
Oliver, M. F., & Boyd, G. S. (1955) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.17.3.299 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Cholesterol excretion by tissue culture cells: Effect of serum lipids
Burns, C. H., & Rothblat, G. H. (1969) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(69)90228-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Serum cholesterol and relative body weight of coronary patients in different populations
KEYS, A., & FIDANZA, F. (1960) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.22.6.1091 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kilbourne, E. D., & Wolff, H. G. (1946) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-24-1-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Recurring and fatal myocardial infarction in the Western Collaborative Group Study∗
Rosenman, R. H., Friedman, M., Jenkins, C. D., et al. (1967) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(67)90497-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Nestel, P. J. (1970) · Advances in lipid research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024908-4.50008-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lipid metabolism in cultured cells
Bailey, J. M. (1965) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(65)90168-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Brunner, D., Altman, S., Loebl, K., et al. (1962) · Journal of Atherosclerosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0368-1319(62)80014-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals
Duewell, P., Kono, H., Rayner, K. J., Sirois, C. M., Vladimer, G., Bauernfeind, F. G., Abela, G. S., Franchi, L., Nuñez, G., Schnurr, M., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08938 · Cited by 4,026 · see citing works
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Gordon, D. J., Probstfield, J. L., Garrison, R. J., Neaton, J. D., Castelli, W. P., Knoke, J. D., Jacobs, D. R., Bangdiwala, S., & Tyroler, H. A. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.1.8 · Cited by 3,162 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
Schwartz, G. G., Olsson, A. G., Abt, M., Ballantyne, C. M., Barter, P. J., Brumm, J., Chaitman, B. R., Holme, I. M., Kallend, D., Leiter, L. A., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1206797 · Cited by 2,022 · see citing works
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events
Barter, P., Gotto, A. M., LaRosa, J. C., Maroni, J., Szarek, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Bittner, V., & Fruchart, J.-C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa064278 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61752-3 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoprotein — The Clinical Implications of Recent Studies
Desforges, J. F., Gordon, D. J., & Rifkind, B. M. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198911093211907 · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
Antiinflammatory Properties of HDL
Barter, P. J., Nicholls, S., Rye, K.-A., Anantharamaiah, G. M., Navab, M., & Fogelman, A. M. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000146094.59640.13 · Cited by 1,394 · see citing works
A Century of Cholesterol and Coronaries: From Plaques to Genes to Statins
Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.036 · Cited by 1,233 · see citing works
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review
Harris, W. S. (1989) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38310-3 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027448 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride and coronary heart disease
Austin, M. A. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.1.2 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001–2004
Kumar, J., Muntner, P., Kaskel, F. J., Hailpern, S. M., & Melamed, M. L. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0051 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Balady, G. J., Criqui, M. H., Fletcher, G., Greenland, P., Hiratzka, L. F., Houston-Miller, N., Kris-Etherton, P., Krumholz, H. M., LaRosa, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1876 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Adaptations to Exercise: A Quantitative Analysis
Durstine, J. L., Grandjean, P. W., Davis, P. G., Ferguson, M. A., Alderson, N. L., & DuBose, K. D. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131150-00002 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome
Grundy, S. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00033-2 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Heiss, G., Tamir, I., Davis, C. E., Tyroler, H. A., Rifkand, B. M., Schonfeld, G., Jacobs, D., & Frantz, I. D. (1980) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.61.2.302 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Keene, D., Price, C., Shun-Shin, M. J., & Francis, D. P. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4379 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Briel, M., Ferreira-Gonzalez, I., You, J. J., Karanicolas, P. J., Akl, E. A., Wu, P., Blechacz, B., Bassler, D., Wei, X., Sharman, A., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b92 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Tsao, C. W., & Vasan, R. S. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv337 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Sampson, U. K., Fazio, S., & Linton, M. F. (2012) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-011-0219-7 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Nicholls, S. J., Brewer, H. B., Kastelein, J. J. P., Krueger, K. A., Wang, M.-D., Shao, M., Hu, B., McErlean, E., & Nissen, S. E. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1649 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance
von Eckardstein, A., Nordestgaard, B. G., Remaley, A. T., & Catapano, A. L. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac605 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Patsch, J. R., Karlin, J. B., Scott, L. W., Smith, L. C., & Gotto, A. M. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1449 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
High density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease
Barter, P. J., & Rye, K.-A. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05675-0 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Risk factors that attenuate the female coronary disease advantage
Kannel, W. B. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430010063008 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-density lipoproteins: A consensus statement from the National Lipid Association
Toth, P. P., Barter, P. J., Rosenson, R. S., Boden, W. E., Chapman, M. J., Cuchel, M., D'Agostino, R. B., Davidson, M. H., Davidson, W. S., Heinecke, J. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2013.08.001 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Lipids, risk factors and ischaemic heart disease
Castelli, W. P. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(96)05851-0 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
Iso, H., Naito, Y., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Okamura, T., Sankai, T., Shimamoto, T., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.490 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Chapman, M. J., Le Goff, W., Guerin, M., & Kontush, A. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp399 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Hirano, K.-I., Yamashita, S., Nakajima, N., Arai, T., Maruyama, T., Yoshida, Y., Ishigami, M., Sakai, N., Kameda-Takemura, K., & Matsuzawa, Y. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.6.1053 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Association of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis.
SNIDERMAN, A. D., WOLFSON, C., TENG, B., FRANKLIN, F. A., BACHORIK, P. S., & KWITEROVICH, P. O. (1982) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-833 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Effects of High-Dose Modified-Release Nicotinic Acid on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Function
Lee, J. M. S., Robson, M. D., Yu, L.-M., Shirodaria, C. C., Cunnington, C., Kylintireas, I., Digby, J. E., Bannister, T., Handa, A., Wiesmann, F., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.036 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Liu, C., Dhindsa, D., Almuwaqqat, Z., Ko, Y.-A., Mehta, A., Alkhoder, A. A., Alras, Z., Desai, S. R., Patel, K. J., Hooda, A., et al. (2022) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0912 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Plasma Lipoprotein Levels as Predictors of Cardiovascular Death in Women
Bass, K. M. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410190045006 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
The Regulation of Fat Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Muscella, A., Stefàno, E., Lunetti, P., Capobianco, L., & Marsigliante, S. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10121699 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Hunt, D., Young, P., Simes, J., Hague, W., Mann, S., Owensby, D., Lane, G., Tonkin, A., & for the LIPID Investigators (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-10-200105150-00007 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Niacin and fibrates in atherogenic dyslipidemia: pharmacotherapy to reduce cardiovascular risk
Chapman, M. J., Redfern, J. S., McGovern, M. E., & Giral, P. (2010) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.008 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins during isotretinoin therapy for acne.
Bershad, S., Rubinstein, A., Paterniti, J. R., Le, N.-A., Poliak, S. C., Heller, B., Ginsberg, H. N., Fleischmajer, R., & Brown, W. V. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198510173131604 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Shaikh, M., Wootton, R., Nordestgaard, B. G., Baskerville, P., Lumley, J. S., La Ville, A. E., Quiney, J., & Lewis, B. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.3.569 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Plasma fibrinogen and coronary risk factors: The Scottish heart health study
Lee, A. J., Smith, W. C. S., Lowe, G. D. O., & Tunstall-Pedoe, H. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90075-z · Cited by 200 · see citing works
The Current State of Niacin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Lavigne, P. M., & Karas, R. H. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.030 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Mamontova, A., Séguret-Macé, S., Esposito, B., Chaniale, C., Bouly, M., Delhaye-Bouchaud, N., Luc, G., Staels, B., Duverger, N., Mariani, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.24.2738 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Postprandial triglyceridemia and carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged subjects
Ryu, J. E., Howard, G., Craven, T. E., Bond, M. G., Hagaman, A. P., & Crouse, J. R. (1992) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.23.6.823 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Strasser, B., & Hoffmann, G. (2011) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000334071 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors
Criqui, M. H., Barrett-Connor, E., Holdbrook, M. J., Austin, M., & Turner, J. D. (1980) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(80)90047-x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
van der Made, S. M., Plat, J., & Mensink, R. P. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118393 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Greene, D. J., Skeggs, J. W., & Morton, R. E. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008725200 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Aho, V., Ollila, H. M., Kronholm, E., Bondia-Pons, I., Soininen, P., Kangas, A. J., Hilvo, M., Seppälä, I., Kettunen, J., Oikonen, M., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep24828 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate dieting on plasma lipoproteins and body weight
LAROSA, J. C., FRY, A. G., MUESING, R., & ROSING, D. R. (1980) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s1094-7159(21)03514-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Kunutsor, S. K., Zaccardi, F., Karppi, J., Kurl, S., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.37184 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bartlett, J., Predazzi, I. M., Williams, S. M., Bush, W. S., Kim, Y., Havas, S., Toth, P. P., Fazio, S., & Miller, M. (2016) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002436 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cetin, E. H. O., Cetin, M. S., Canpolat, U., Aydin, S., Topaloglu, S., Aras, D., & Aydogdu, S. (2015) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.15.74 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Mooradian, A. D., Haas, M. J., & Wong, N. C. W. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0013 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
GRAF, M. J., RICHARDS, C. J., BROWN, V., MEISSNER, L., & DUNAIF, A. (1990) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00472.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mazur, M. T., Cardasis, H. L., Spellman, D. S., Liaw, A., Yates, N. A., & Hendrickson, R. C. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910776107 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Alderman, J. D., Pasternak, R. C., Sacks, F. M., Smith, H. S., Monrad, E. S., & Grossman, W. (1989) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(89)90754-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein subfractions and risk of coronary artery disease
Morgan, J., Carey, C., Lincoff, A., & Capuzzi, D. (2004) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0047-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cho, K.-H. (2009) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.7.393 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Park, K. H., Shin, D. G., Kim, J. R., & Cho, K. H. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq034 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lipid-lowering effect of a dietary chromium (III)—Nicotinic acid complex in male athletes
Lefavi, R. G., Dennis Wilson, G., Keith, R. E., Anderson, R. A., Blessing, D. L., Hames, C. G., & McMillan, J. L. (1993) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80421-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Skouby, S. O., Kühl, C., Mølsted-Pedersen, L., Petersen, K., & Christensen, M. S. (1985) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90460-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gylling, H., Vega, G., & Grundy, S. (1992) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41407-5 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Imputing Phenotypes for Genome-wide Association Studies
Hormozdiari, F., Kang, E. Y., Bilow, M., Ben-David, E., Vulpe, C., McLachlan, S., Lusis, A. J., Han, B., & Eskin, E. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.013 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tietjen, I., Hovingh, G. K., Singaraja, R., Radomski, C., McEwen, J., Chan, E., Mattice, M., Legendre, A., Kastelein, J. J. P., & Hayden, M. R. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.006 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Damsgaard, C. T., Biltoft-Jensen, A., Tetens, I., Michaelsen, K. F., Lind, M. V., Astrup, A., & Landberg, R. (2017) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.244624 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Chiesa, S. T., Charakida, M., McLoughlin, E., Nguyen, H. C., Georgiopoulos, G., Motran, L., Elia, Y., Marcovecchio, M. L., Dunger, D. B., Dalton, R. N., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz114 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fagan, A. M., Christopher, E., Taylor, J. W., Parsadanian, M., Spinner, M., Watson, M., Fryer, J. D., Wahrle, S., Bales, K. R., Paul, S. M., et al. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63399-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Transcriptional regulation of the human hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene promoter
Rufibach, L. E., Duncan, S. A., Battle, M., & Deeb, S. S. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m600082-jlr200 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
wakugami, K., Iseki, K., Kimura, Y., Okumura, K., lkemiya, Y., Muratani, H., & Fukiyama, K. (1998) · Japanese Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/jcj.62.7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effect of cigarette smoking cessation on risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis
Rabkin, S. W. (1984) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(84)90193-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Lou, Y., Qiu, X., Liu, Y., Lu, L., Chen, Q., & Jin, W. (2014) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0118-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Many large epidemiological studies, such as the Framingham study [7], have described an increase in”
HDL Hypothesis: Where Do We Stand Now?
Tariq, S. M., Sidhu, M. S., Toth, P. P., & Boden, W. E. (2014) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0398-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Herring (Clupea harengus) supplemented diet influences risk factors for CVD in overweight subjects
Lindqvist, H., Langkilde, A. M., Undeland, I., Rådendal, T., & Sandberg, A. S. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602630 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bantle, J. P., Hunninghake, D. B., Frantz, I. D., Kuba, K., Mariash, C. N., & Oppenheimer, J. H. (1984) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90107-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
for the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH-JAPAN) Research Group, Hirata, T., Sugiyama, D., Nagasawa, S.-Y., Murakami, Y., Saitoh, S., Okayama, A., Iso, H., Irie, F., Sairenchi, T., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0203-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ljunggren, S. A., Levels, J. H. M., Hovingh, K., Holleboom, A. G., Vergeer, M., Argyri, L., Gkolfinopoulou, C., Chroni, A., Sierts, J. A., Kastelein, J. J., et al. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ruel, I. L., Gaudet, D., Perron, P., Bergeron, J., Julien, P., & Lamarche, B. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802276 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Satoh, H., Tomita, K., Fujii, S., Kishi, R., & Tsutsui, H. (2009) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.1644 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
da Luz, P. L., Bertini, P. J., & Favarato, D. (2005) · Clinics · doi:10.1590/s1807-59322005000500011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Low levels of high-density lipoprotein are also recognized as an independent risk factor.(33) We have shown that in healthy individuals in whom the only abnormality was”
Tang, W., Ma, W., Ding, H., Lin, M., Xiang, L., Lin, G., & Zhang, Z. (2018) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m082297 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gordon, T., Castelli, W. P., Hjortland, M. C., Kannel, W. B., & Dawber, T. R.
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Tavia
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-05
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 707-714
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094768566
- Cited by
- 5,059
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 163 · 2014: 135 · 2013: 140 · 2012: 140
- FWCI
- 248.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Keywords
- HDL cholesterol, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Framingham Heart Study, older adults, sex differences, serum lipids
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Lipids, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Sex Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
