The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Worsening Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of changes in symptoms of depression over a 1-year period on subsequent clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients.Background Emerging evidence shows that clinical depression, which is prevalent among patients with HF, is associated with a poor prognosis. However, it is uncertain how changes in depression symptoms over time may relate to clinical outcomes.Methods One-hundred forty-seven HF outpatients with ejection fraction of less than 40% were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline and again 1 year later. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, controlling for established risk factors, were used to evaluate how changes in depressive symptoms were related to a combined primary end point of death or cardiovascular hospitalization over a median follow-up period of 5 years (with a range of 4 to 7 years and no losses to follow-up).Results The 1-year change in symptoms of depression, as indicated by higher BDI scores over a 1-year interval (1-point BDI change hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.12, p = 0.007), was associated with death or cardiovascular hospitalization after controlling for baseline depression (baseline BDI HR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.14, p < 0.001) and established risk factors, including HF cause, age, ejection fraction, plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, and prior hospitalizations.Conclusions Worsening symptoms of depression are associated with a poorer prognosis in HF patients. Routine assessment of symptoms of depression in HF patients may help to guide appropriate medical management of these patients who are at increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes.
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“Worsening depression over a year is also a bad omen, hinting that regular monitoring could allow early intervention with the aim of improving outcomes. 100”
From Prioritizing symptom management in the treatment of chronic heart failure (2020) · cites this paper as [100]
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Cites
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WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Carnethon, M. R., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K. M., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191259 · Cited by 3,915
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MethodAssessment of Depression: The Depression Inventory
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“Depression—The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item self-report measure of depressive symptomatology (14).”
BackgroundDepression and 18-Month Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction
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“These studies also document that the cut point of a BDI score of 10 or greater is applicable in cardiac patient populations, where it has been associated with poorer prognosis (3,16,17).”
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“Studies from multiple investigative teams, including our own, have found that independent of HF disease severity, depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes for HF patients (3-8).”
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Depressive symptoms and risk of functional decline and death in patients with heart failure
Vaccarino, V., Kasl, S. V., Abramson, J. L., & Krumholz, H. M. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01334-1 · Cited by 525 · cited 1×
“Studies from multiple investigative teams, including our own, have found that independent of HF disease severity, depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes for HF patients (3-8).”
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Items 101–122 of 122
Biobehavioral Interventions in Heart Failure
Hoffman, B. M., Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Hinderliter, A. L. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118453940.ch30 · Cited by 1
Routine Depression Assessment for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
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Evaluation of a Nurse-led Telephone Intervention with Symptomatic Heart Failure Patients
Stone, S. (2012) · doi:10.33915/etd.3606 · Cited by 1
“A recent study revealed that patients with HF and worsening depression over a one-year period were two times more likely to be hospitalized or suffer mortality than those whose depression did not change or actually improved (Sherwood et al, 2011).”
BackgroundEntre cœur et sexualité, la place du psychiatre de liaison
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“So, it is necessary to diagnose and treat subclinical and clinical cases of depression among patients with cardiovascular disorders with enough importance [7-12].”
BackgroundFactors Associated With All-Cause Rehospitalization and Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure
Walters, M. R. (2016) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Chieka, N. M. (2017) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Sustek, J. (2017) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Effect of low-dose dopamine on depression score in patients with heart failure
Kıvrak, T. (2018) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.376910
Abdellatif, Y., Chahat, A. S., & Said, K. M. (2021) · doi:10.36811/jcshd.2021.110021
“Symptoms of depression are a common co-morbidity affecting as many as 42% of patients with heart failure (HF), and are associated with a poor quality of life and adverse prognosis [2-4].”
BackgroundAssociation of Depression Symptoms and Biomarkers of Risk on Clinical Outcomes in HFrEFPreprint
Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Mentz, R. J., Koch, G. G., Rogers, J. G., Chang, P. P., Chien, C., Adams, K. F., Rose‐Jones, L. J., Jensen, B. C., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.23296194
What Treatments Are Effective for Depression in Palliative Care Settings?
Jordan, A. E., Webb, J. A., Bates, N. E., Samsel, C. B., Trachsel, M., Hirst, J. M., & Irwin, S. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-84702-5.00025-7
Depression and Adverse Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: Cause or Consequence?
Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Hinderliter, A. L. (2024) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-24-00031
Analysis of Depression in Aged, Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Wang, T., Ma, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhai, W., & Li, Y. (2024) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241720 · Cited by 1
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Managing co-occurring physical disorders in mental health care
Hendrick, D. C., & Drake, R. E. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198898818.003.0022
Quality of life, neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes in pediatric heart failure
Wilmot, I., & Marino, B. S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13279-7.00039-0
Zittema, D., Schouten, R. W., Nadort, E., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y. F. C., Shaw, P. C., Vleming, L. J., Dekker, M. J. E., Westerman, M., Hoogeveen, E. K., et al. (2025) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.12.022
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Psychotherapy vs antidepressants in heart failure: Impact of adherence
IsHak, W. W., Hamilton, M. A., Diniz, M. A., Mirocha, J., Chernoff, R., Hedrick, R., Aronow, H. U., Darwish, T., Messineo, G., Pasini, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122318
Metadata
- Authors
- Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Hinderliter, A. L., Koch, G. G., Adams, K. F., Dupree, C. S., Bensimhon, D. R., Johnson, K. S., Trivedi, R., Bowers, M., Christenson, R. H., & O'Connor, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sherwood, Andrew
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 418-423
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3622450
- OpenAlex
- W2029552522
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Center for Research Resources
- National Institutes of Health (M01-RR-30)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- heart failure, depression, depressive symptoms, prognosis, mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization, Beck Depression Inventory, symptom change over time, ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, depression screening
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiac Output, Cause of Death, Depression, Female, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Survival Analysis, Hospital Mortality, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Sickness Impact Profile, Disease Progression, Risk Assessment
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