ANGPTL3 deficiency and protection against coronary artery disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Familial combined hypolipidemia, a Mendelian condition characterized by substantial reductions in all 3 major lipid fractions, is caused by mutations that inactivate the gene angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3). Whether ANGPTL3 deficiency reduces risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to leverage 3 distinct lines of evidence-a family that included individuals with complete (compound heterozygote) ANGPTL3 deficiency, a population based-study of humans with partial (heterozygote) ANGPTL3 deficiency, and biomarker levels in patients with myocardial infarction (MI)-to test whether ANGPTL3 deficiency is associated with lower risk for CAD. METHODS: We assessed coronary atherosclerotic burden in 3 individuals with complete ANGPTL3 deficiency and 3 wild-type first-degree relatives using computed tomography angiography. In the population, ANGPTL3 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations were ascertained in up to 21,980 people with CAD and 158,200 control subjects. LOF mutations were defined as nonsense, frameshift, and splice-site variants, along with missense variants resulting in <25% of wild-type ANGPTL3 activity in a mouse model. In a biomarker study, circulating ANGPTL3 concentration was measured in 1,493 people who presented with MI and 3,232 control subjects. RESULTS: The 3 individuals with complete ANGPTL3 deficiency showed no evidence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. ANGPTL3 gene sequencing demonstrated that approximately 1 in 309 people was a heterozygous carrier for an LOF mutation. Compared with those without mutation, heterozygous carriers of ANGPTL3 LOF mutations demonstrated a 17% reduction in circulating triglycerides and a 12% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Carrier status was associated with a 34% reduction in odds of CAD (odds ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.44 to 0.98; p = 0.04). Individuals in the lowest tertile of circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations, compared with the highest, had reduced odds of MI (adjusted odds ratio: 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.77; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ANGPTL3 deficiency is associated with protection from CAD.
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Genetic studies support the role of apo C-III and ANGPTL3 in atherosclerosis.
“Similarly, with genetic studies supporting the role of several novel therapeutic targets (eg, apo C-III and ANGPTL3) in atherosclerosis, ongoing clinical trials using RNA interference therapy (antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs) have the potential to further inform our understanding of the triglyceride-based atherosclerotic pathways (120,121).”
From 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
Mendelian randomization studies focused on variants in the genes encoding apoAV, apoCIII, lipoprotein lipase, and angiopoietin-like proteins 3, 4, and 8 have been highly informative.
“Mendelian randomization studies focused on variants in the genes encoding apoAV, apoCIII, lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and the angiopoietin-like proteins 3, 4, and 8 (ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8) have been highly informative.29–35”
Loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 are associated with reduced plasma levels of triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C.
“Loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 have been associated with reduced plasma levels of TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C.32,64,65”
Individuals with ANGPTL3 LOF variants have low levels of TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C.
“individuals with ANGPTL3 LOF variants have low levels of TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C.32,65”
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in APOA5 are associated with mild HTG and increased ASCVD risk.
“These hypotriglyceridaemic states contrast with mild HTG and increased ASCVD risk seen with heterozygous LOF mutations in APOA5.11”
From Clinical review on triglycerides (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 are associated with reductions in both plasma TG and ASCVD risk.
“Similarly, heterozygous LOF variants in ANGPTL311 and ANGPTL412 genes are associated with reductions both in plasma TG and ASCVD risk.”
From Clinical review on triglycerides (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
ANGPTL3 is a genetically validated target for HTG to reduce ASCVD risk.
“ANGPTL3 is a genetically validated target for HTG to reduce ASCVD risk.11,77–79”
From Clinical review on triglycerides (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
The EVOLVE II trial confirmed the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in lowering serum triglycerides.
“Recently, the EpanoVa fOr Lowering Very high triglyceridEs II (EVOLVE II) trial confirmed the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in lowering serum TGs [327].”
From 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk (2019) · cites this paper as [327]
Genetic loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 are associated with lower levels of plasma lipids, including lower triglycerides and LDL-C, and with lower rates of coronary artery disease.
“Genetic loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 are associated with lower levels of plasma lipids.”
From Effect of Vupanorsen on Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Statin-Treated Patients With Elevated Cholesterol: TRANSLATE-TIMI 70 (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Stitziel, N. O., Khera, A. V., Wang, X., Bierhals, A. J., Vourakis, A. C., Sperry, A. E., Natarajan, P., Klarin, D., Emdin, C. A., Zekavat, S. M., Nomura, A., Erdmann, J., Schunkert, H., Samani, N. J., Kraus, W. E., Shah, S. H., Yu, B., Boerwinkle, E., Rader, D. J., Gupta, N., Frossard, P. M., Rasheed, A., Danesh, J., Lander, E. S., Gabriel, S., Saleheen, D., Musunuru, K., & Kathiresan, S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics (DE)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DE)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Duke University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases (PK)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stitziel, Nathan O.
- ORCID
- Stitziel, Nathan O.
- Khera, Amit V.
- Bierhals, Andrew J.
- Sperry, Alexandra E.
- Natarajan, Pradeep
- Klarin, Derek
- Emdin, Connor A.
- Zekavat, Seyedeh M.
- Nomura, Akihiro
- Erdmann, Jeanette
- Schunkert, Heribert
- Samani, Nilesh J.
- Kraus, William E.
- Shah, Svati H.
- Yu, Bing
- Boerwinkle, Eric
- Rader, Daniel J.
- Gupta, Namrata
- Danesh, John
- Lander, Eric S.
- Gabriel, Stacey
- Saleheen, Danish
- Musunuru, Kiran
- Kathiresan, Sekar
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2054-2063
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5404817
- OpenAlex
- W2604768034
- Cited by
- 467
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 23 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 33.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Harvard Catalyst
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10165)
- British Heart Foundation (RG/08/014/24067)
- National Institutes of Health (5t32hl007734-30, KL2TR001100)
- Medical Research Council (MR/L003120/1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL127564, K08HL114642, R33HL120781, R21HL120781, T-32HL007734, RC2HL101834, R01HL118744, R01HL131961)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (UM1HG008895, U54HG003067, UM1HG008853)
- Fogarty International Center (RC1TW008485)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Keywords
- ANGPTL3, coronary artery disease, loss-of-function mutations, myocardial infarction, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, genetic risk, heterozygous carriers, hypolipidemic effect, first-degree relatives, loss-of-function screening
- MeSH terms
- Angiopoietin-like Proteins, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3, Adult, Animals, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Mice, Knockout, Mutation, Missense, Angiopoietins, Atherosclerosis
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