Cited by 319Lipid metabolism and disordersCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia

Borén, Jan, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Björnson, Elias, Packard, Chris J.·2022·Nature Reviews Cardiology

Abstract

Accumulating evidence points to the causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their cholesterol-enriched remnants in atherogenesis. Genetic studies in particular have not only revealed a relationship between plasma triglyceride levels and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but have also identified key proteins responsible for the regulation of triglyceride transport. Kinetic studies in humans using stable isotope tracers have been especially useful in delineating the function of these proteins and revealing the hitherto unappreciated complexity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Given that triglyceride is an essential energy source for mammals, triglyceride transport is regulated by numerous mechanisms that balance availability with the energy demands of the body. Ongoing investigations are focused on determining the consequences of dysregulation as a result of either dietary imprudence or genetic variation that increases the risk of atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. The identification of molecular control mechanisms involved in triglyceride metabolism has laid the groundwork for a 'precision-medicine' approach to therapy. Novel pharmacological agents under development have specific molecular targets within a regulatory framework, and their deployment heralds a new era in lipid-lowering-mediated prevention of disease. In this Review, we outline what is known about the dysregulation of triglyceride transport in human hypertriglyceridaemia.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y

Cites

235 of 235 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • A decrease of 1 mmol/L (88.57 mg/dL) in triglycerides has been linked to roughly a 25% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk.

    “A decrease of 1 mmol/L (88.57 mg/dL) in triglycerides has been linked to roughly a 25% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk [24, 25]”
  • In the postprandial state, CM are assembled in enterocytes through packaging of dietary TG, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B48.

    “In the postprandial state, CM are assembled in enterocytes through the packaging of dietary TG, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B48 [10].”

    From Targeting triglycerides for cardiovascular risk reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

  • Hepatocytes continuously secrete VLDL particles containing apolipoprotein B100, incorporating TG derived from de novo lipogenesis, circulating non-esterified fatty acids, hepatic lipid stores, and remnant uptake.

    “In parallel, hepatocytes continuously secrete VLDL particles containing apolipoprotein B100, incorporating TG derived from de novo lipogenesis, circulating non-esterified fatty acids, hepatic lipid stores, and remnant uptake [10].”

    From Targeting triglycerides for cardiovascular risk reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

  • TRLs, primarily chylomicrons and VLDL, are secreted by the intestine and liver, respectively, and are the main vehicles for TG transport in the circulation.

    “TRLs, primarily chylomicrons (CM) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), are secreted by the intestine and liver, respectively, and are the main vehicles for TG transport in the circulation.”

    From Targeting triglycerides for cardiovascular risk reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Borén, J., Taskinen, M.-R., Björnson, E., & Packard, C. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
Corresponding author
Borén, Jan
Venue
Nature Reviews Cardiology
Published
2022-03-22
Volume
19
Issue
9
Pages
577-592
ISSN
  • 1759-5002 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5010
OpenAlex
W4220891222
Cited by
315
References
238
Citations by year
2026: 74 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 14
FWCI
12.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, atherogenesis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, triglyceride transport, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, stable isotope tracers, genetic variation, pancreatitis, lipid-lowering therapy, precision medicine
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Kinetics, Lipoproteins, Mammals, Triglycerides, Hypertriglyceridemia, Dyslipidemias, Atherosclerosis

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