The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
VLDL Cholesterol Accounts for One-Half of the Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With apoB-Containing Lipoproteins
Open accessAbstract
Background Plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a composite measure of all apoB-containing lipoproteins causing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, it is unclear which fraction of risk is explained by cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively, in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Objectives The authors tested the hypothesis that VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides each explain part of the myocardial infarction risk from apoB-containing lipoproteins. Methods Nested within 109,751 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, the authors examined 25,480 subjects free of lipid-lowering therapy and myocardial infarction at study entry. All had measurements of plasma apoB (quantitating number of apoB-containing lipoproteins) and cholesterol and triglyceride content of VLDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Results During a median 11 years of follow-up, 1,816 were diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Per 1-mmol/l higher levels, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for myocardial infarction were 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81 to 2.36) for VLDL cholesterol, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.25) for VLDL triglycerides, 5.38 (95% CI: 3.73 to 7.75) for IDL cholesterol, and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.62 to 2.14) for LDL cholesterol. Per 1-g/l higher plasma apoB, the corresponding value was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.90 to 2.58). In a step-up Cox regression, risk factors for myocardial infarction entered by importance as VLDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and IDL + LDL cholesterol, whereas VLDL triglycerides did not enter the model. VLDL cholesterol explained 50% and IDL + LDL cholesterol 29% of the risk of myocardial infarction from apoB-containing lipoproteins, whereas VLDL triglycerides did not explain risk. Conclusions VLDL cholesterol explained one-half of the myocardial infarction risk from elevated apoB-containing lipoproteins, whereas VLDL triglycerides did not explain risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These studies have suggested that TG and remnant cholesterol may be more potent risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) than LDL-C is.2,3”
From Association of Apolipoprotein B–Containing Lipoproteins and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Individuals With and Without Atherosclerosis (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61350-5 · Cited by 6,550
The Danish Civil Registration System
Pedersen, C. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494810387965 · Cited by 4,713
The Danish National Patient Register
Lynge, E., Sandegaard, J. L., & Rebolj, M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494811401482 · Cited by 3,968
Ference, B. A., Ginsberg, H. N., Graham, I., Ray, K. K., Packard, C. J., Bruckert, E., Hegele, R. A., Krauss, R. M., Raal, F. J., Schunkert, H., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144 · Cited by 3,962
Self-citationCardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia
Bhatt, D. L., Steg, P. G., Miller, M., Brinton, E. A., Jacobson, T. A., Ketchum, S. B., Doyle, R. T., Juliano, R. A., Jiao, L., Granowitz, C., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1812792 · Cited by 3,317
Effects of Combination Lipid Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001282 · Cited by 2,837
Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration* (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1619 · Cited by 2,731
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ginsberg, H. N., Packard, C. J., Chapman, M. J., Borén, J., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Averna, M., Ference, B. A., Gaudet, D., Hegele, R. A., Kersten, S., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551 · Cited by 979
Self-citationMetabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia
Borén, J., Taskinen, M.-R., Björnson, E., & Packard, C. J. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y · Cited by 315
Marston, N. A., Giugliano, R. P., Melloni, G. E. M., Park, J.-G., Morrill, V., Blazing, M. A., Ference, B., Stein, E., Stroes, E. S., Braunwald, E., et al. (2022) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5083 · Cited by 262
Coronary heart disease risk: Low-density lipoprotein and beyond
Shaya, G. E., Leucker, T. M., Jones, S. R., Martin, S. S., & Toth, P. P. (2021) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.04.002 · Cited by 247
Wadström, B. N., Wulff, A. B., Pedersen, K. M., Jensen, G. B., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab705 · Cited by 234
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Balling, M., Afzal, S., Varbo, A., Langsted, A., Davey Smith, G., & Nordestgaard, B. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Nordestgaard, Børge G.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2725-2735
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3107369671
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 22.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/1)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0052893)
- Hjerteforeningen (18-R124-A8511-22089)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein B, apoB-containing lipoproteins, VLDL cholesterol, VLDL triglycerides, intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, myocardial infarction risk, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, lipoprotein fractions, Copenhagen General Population Study, smoking, systolic blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Apolipoproteins B, Denmark, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, VLDL, Cohort Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
