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Discretionary compliance with mandatory environmental disclosures: Evidence from SEC filings
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“Peters and Romi (2013) use monetary sanctions by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as an item that firms must disclose in SEC filings under Item 103 of Regulation S-K, and show a 72% noncompliance rate.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Peters and Romi (2013)
In the citing paper
“As Peters and Romi (2013) show, even the compliance with SEC disclosure rules for environmental sanctions is low, despite the use of bright-line materiality thresholds.”
From Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review (2021) · cites this paper as Peters and Romi (2013)
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Lee, K.-W., & Yeo, G. H.-H. (2016) · Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting · doi:10.1007/s11156-015-0536-y · Cited by 447
“Our paper is broadly consistent with the recent finding in Peters and Romi (2013) that managers exhibit discretionary compliance with mandatory disclosures.”
The International Integrated Reporting Framework: Key Issues and Future Research Opportunities
Cheng, M. M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., & Romi, A. M. (2014) · Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting · doi:10.1111/jifm.12015 · Cited by 463
“…paragraph 3.26 notes a firm should include negative matters voluntarily in this report, accounting research has shown that firms will disregard reporting requirements if they feel the information may harm stock prices, thus they may be less inclined to follow such a mandate (Peters and Romi 2013a).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPeters, G. F., & Romi, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1886-9 · Cited by 464
“…variables include, but are not limited to: Huang and Kung (2010), Clarkson and Li (2004), Lang et al. (2003), Clarkson et al. (2008), Cho and Patten (2007), Richardson et al. (2004), Lang et al. (1993), Branco and Rodrigues (2008), Stanny and Ely (2008), Peters and Romi (2013), among others.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationIntegrated reporting: background, measurement issues, approaches and an agenda for future research
de Villiers, C., Venter, E. R., & Hsiao, P. K. (2017) · Accounting & Finance · doi:10.1111/acfi.12246 · Cited by 401
An Overview of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Legislation in the European Union
Hummel, K., & Jobst, D. (2024) · Accounting in Europe · doi:10.1080/17449480.2024.2312145 · Cited by 315
“…compliance thus depends on these costs, which are determined by the speci fi cation of the legislation, in particular how precisely the reporting requirements are outlined, the magnitude of potential sanctions for noncompliance, and the likelihood of detection and enforcement (Peters & Romi, 2013).”
Corporate social responsibility assurance and reporting quality: Evidence from restatements
Ballou, B., Chen, P.-C., Grenier, J. H., & Heitger, D. L. (2018) · Journal of Accounting and Public Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2018.02.001 · Cited by 211
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Roszkowska-Menkes, M., Aluchna, M., & Kamiński, B. (2024) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2023.102700 · Cited by 125
Adoption of CSR and Sustainability Reporting Standards: Economic Analysis and ReviewPreprint
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2019) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3427748 · Cited by 112
Corporate voluntary carbon disclosure strategy and carbon performance in the USA
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Arena, C., Liong, R., & Vourvachis, P. (2018) · Sustainability Accounting Management and Policy Journal · doi:10.1108/sampj-06-2016-0037 · Cited by 119
Cen, L., Chen, F., Hou, Y., & Richardson, G. (2018) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr-51869 · Cited by 94
Voluntary information disclosure on social media
Zhang, J.-H. (2015) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2015.02.018 · Cited by 86
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Haji, A. A., Coram, P. J., & Troshani, I. (2022) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-05-2020-4571 · Cited by 169
Chouaibi, S., & Affes, H. S. (2021) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/cg-03-2020-0087 · Cited by 103
Agostini, M., Costa, E., & Korca, B. (2021) · Accounting in Europe · doi:10.1080/17449480.2021.1979610 · Cited by 109
“Formal legislation alone may not be sufficient to create a norm (Scott, 2008), and it does not imply sudden and radical changes in corporate reports and disclosure practices (Bozanic et al., 2012; Peters & Romi, 2013).”
BackgroundEconomic Analysis of Widespread Adoption of CSR and Sustainability Reporting Standards
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3315673 · Cited by 67
Narrative Reporting: State of the Art and Future Challenges
Michelon, G., Trojanowski, G., & Sealy, R. H. V. (2021) · Accounting in Europe · doi:10.1080/17449480.2021.1900582 · Cited by 90
“While mandating disclosures, most of these regulatory initiatives leave great managerial discretion with respect to the actual content of such disclosures (Peters & Romi, 2013; Schneider et al., 2018).”
BackgroundDoes context matter for sustainability disclosure? Institutional factors in Southeast Asia
Tran, M., & Beddewela, E. S. (2020) · Business Ethics A European Review · doi:10.1111/beer.12265 · Cited by 80
“…which indicate minimal influences of mandated regulations upon SD (See Kühn et al., 2014; Larrinaga, Carrasco, Correa, Llena, & Moneva, 2002; Peters & Romi, 2013), our findings show that the strongest driver for SD in the SEA region, is in fact the presence of mandated regulation for SD,…”
BackgroundTadros, H., & MAGNAN, M. L. (2019) · Sustainability Accounting Management and Policy Journal · doi:10.1108/sampj-05-2018-0125 · Cited by 89
A Corporate Social Responsibility Framework for Accounting Research
Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A., & Liu, R. (2018) · The International Journal of Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.intacc.2018.11.002 · Cited by 79
Consequences of sustainability reporting mandates: evidence from the EU taxonomy regulation
Hummel, K., & Bauernhofer, K. (2024) · Accounting Forum · doi:10.1080/01559982.2024.2301854 · Cited by 91
“Thus, compliance depends on the character of the regulatory regime: the precisions with which the reporting requirements are outlined, the scale of sanctions for noncompliance, and the likelihood of actual detection and enforcement (Peters & Romi, 2013).”
Determinants of monetary penalties for environmental violations
Habib, A., & Bhuiyan, M. B. U. (2017) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.1947 · Cited by 72
From talk to action: the effects of the non-financial reporting directive on ESG performance
Aluchna, M., Roszkowska‐Menkes, M., & Kamiński, B. (2022) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-12-2021-1530 · Cited by 146
Ayers, B. C., Schwab, C. M., & Utke, S. (2015) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr-50853 · Cited by 58
Qian, W., Suryani, A. W., & Xing, K. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121040 · Cited by 73
Senn, J., & Giordano-Spring, S. (2020) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-04-2018-3461 · Cited by 70
Determinants of Conflict Minerals Disclosure Under the Dodd–Frank Act
Via, N. D., & Perego, P. (2018) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2030 · Cited by 50
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Yu, C., Freedman, M., & Park, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119111 · Cited by 66
Abernathy, J. L., Stefaniak, C. M., Wilkins, A. M., & Olson, J. (2017) · American Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/ajb-04-2016-0013 · Cited by 66
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Vogt, M., Hein, N., da Rosa, F. S., & Degenhart, L. (2017) · Estudios Gerenciales · doi:10.1016/j.estger.2016.10.007 · Cited by 49
“…et al. (2012), Silva-Gao (2012), Andrikopoulos and Kriklani (2013), Bowrin (2013), Clarkson et al. (2013), Coelho et al. (2013), Iatridis (2013), Peters and Romi (2013), Rosa et al. (2013, 2014), Wegener et al. (2013), Lu and Abeysekera (2014), Wirth et al. (2016) and Omnamasivaya and Prasad…”
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“…(Leong & Hazelton, 2019), potentially exposing those mechanisms to the well-documented legitimation practices of firms (Bansal & Clelland, 2004; Hahn & Lülfs, 2014), and perhaps rendering them less effective as mechanisms for improved transparency (Cong et al., 2020; Peters & Romi, 2013).”
BackgroundDobler, M., Lajili, K., & Zéghal, D. (2015) · Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change · doi:10.1108/jaoc-10-2013-0081 · Cited by 50
“Drawing on specific environmental disclosures, other studies suggest no association (Peters and Romi, 2013) or a positive association (Dawkins and Fraas, 2011).”
BackgroundNkundabanyanga, S. K., Muramuzi, B., & Alinda, K. (2021) · Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change · doi:10.1108/jaoc-03-2020-0035 · Cited by 58
The relationship between poor CSR performance and hard, negative CSR information disclosures
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“For example, Peters and Romi (2013) and Perego and Kolk (2012) show how professionalism motivates some stakeholders to choose accountant assurance providers.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTao, M., Wang, J., Wu, S., & Wang, G. (2024) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2024.103462 · Cited by 31
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“The firm size has been measured in previous studies by different parameters such as market capitalisation, total revenues, and total assets (Pütter, 2017). Reverte (2009) measured the firm size by the logarithm of market capitalization.”
BackgroundMethodCorporate Climate Risk Governance and Environmental Innovation
Hamim, M. T., & Mollah, S. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.4352 · Cited by 33
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“Firms in the United States were more likely to provide mandated disclosures of environmental sanctions if they were subject to larger penalties (Peters & Romi, 2013).”
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“More disclosure is then required to maintain corporate reputation and legitimize firm operations to stakeholders, such as future investors, consumers and the public (Deegan, 2019; Peters & Romi, 2013).”
BackgroundCustomer-related performance and the relevance of environmental reporting
Radhouane, I., Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., & Paché, G. A. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.149 · Cited by 28
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“These studies are mostly country-specific and investigate, for example, Spain (Criado-Jiménez et al. 2008; Larrinaga et al. 2002), Norway (Vormedal and Ruud 2009), Poland (Matuszak and Rozanska 2021) and the U.S. (Peters and Romi 2013).”
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Allman, E., & Won, J. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3816592 · Cited by 33
“Grewal et al. (2020) find that on average, U.S. firms provide only about 18% of the material ESG disclosure expected by investors while Peters and Romi (2013) detect a 72% non-compliance rate with SEC filing requirements.”
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Hariyani, D., Hariyani, P., Mishra, S. K., & Sharma, M. K. (2025) · Green Technologies and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.grets.2025.100170 · Cited by 22
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Moalla, M., Salhi, B., & Jarboui, A. (2020) · Scientific Annals of Economics and Business · doi:10.47743/saeb-2020-0007 · Cited by 20
“This same result is confirmed by the work of Welbeck et al. (2017), Peters and Romi (2013) and Ben Rhouma (2008) and that respectively in the Ghanaian, American and French contexts, which declare that the sectors considered as pollutants or the industries with high environmental sensitivity…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYou Need Three Butterflies to Cause a Hurricane
Virgilio, G. P. M. (2020) · Scientific Annals of Economics and Business · doi:10.47743/saeb-2020-0006 · Cited by 27
Aluchna, M., Roszkowska-Menkes, M., & Khan, S. (2023) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2643 · Cited by 17
“Positive relationships between the presence of female directors and environmental disclosure are revealed in Australia (Rao et al., 2012), USA (Rupley et al., 2012), Canada (Ben-Amar et al., 2017), France (Baalouch et al., 2019; Khaireddine et al., 2020), the Asset4 companies (Carvajal et al., 2022), in a large Europe…”
InfluentialIntegrated reporting, audit quality: presence of environmental auditing in an international context
Hichri, A. (2023) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-03-2022-0044 · Cited by 17
Avances de la contabilidad social y ambiental en su contexto original
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“…reguladas, para demostrar que el incremento de la obligatoriedad en revelaciones contables ambientales no es eficaz, a pesar de los incentivos (Peters & Romi, 2013) Análisis de regresión lineal a encuestas aplicadas a los responsables de la gestión financiera o contable de 200 empresas que…”
BackgroundCorporate Governance and CSR Disclosure: International Evidence for the Period 2006–2016
Miniaoui, Z., Chibani, F., & Hussainey, K. (2022) · Journal of risk and financial management · doi:10.3390/jrfm15090398 · Cited by 28
“For example, Davis et al. (2021), Peters and Romi (2011, 2013), and Cucari et al. (2018) find that the presence of SRC and SR experts had a positive effect on CSR disclosure.”
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The Sanctions on Environmental Performances: An Assessment of Indonesia and Brazilia Practice
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Cheng, Z., Feng, W., Keung, C., & Yong-xiu, B. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2776-0 · Cited by 241
Green Credit Policy and Corporate Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence From China
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IS MANDATORY SUSTAINABILITY REPORT STILL BENEFICIAL?
Rudyanto, A. (2021) · Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia · doi:10.21002/jaki.2021.08 · Cited by 14
Deng, L., Liao, M., Luo, R., Sun, J., & Xu, C. (2021) · Pacific-Basin Finance Journal · doi:10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101569 · Cited by 17
EPA scrutiny and voluntary environmental disclosures
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“Disclosure costs may arise from, for example, revealing overlooked vulnerabilities, validating areas of concern, exposing management’s own risk assessment, or undermining negotiations with the EPA (Peters and Romi 2013; Matsumura et al. 2014).”
Environmental information disclosure in capital raising
Ji, Z., Yu, X., & Yang, J. (2020) · Australian Economic Papers · doi:10.1111/1467-8454.12176 · Cited by 16
Non-compliance in Executive Compensation Disclosure: The Brazilian Experience
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“Some studies examine lobby efforts against more stringent rules (Lo, 2003), while others use the degree of compliance with mandatory rules (Ettredge et al., 2011; and Peters and Romi, 2013).”
Feng, S. H., & Gao, L. S. (2020) · Social and Environmental Accountability Journal · doi:10.1080/0969160x.2020.1719172 · Cited by 20
Odoemelam, N., & Ofoegbu, G. (2018) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0419.v1 · Cited by 12
“The Peter & Romi (2011) view was confirmed later by evidence from greenhouse gas emission accounting as Peters & Romi (2013) reported a positive association between the environmental committee and environmental disclosure.”
BackgroundMandated Climate Change Disclosures: A Study of Large US Firms That Emit Carbon Dioxide
Freedman, M., Park, J. D., & Stagliano, A. J. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1041-706020150000018003 · Cited by 10
Customer-Supplier Relationships and Strategic Disclosures of Litigation Loss ContingenciesPreprint
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Dan, E., & Shen, J. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14052714 · Cited by 16
Monaco, A. (2022) · Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment · doi:10.1080/20430795.2022.2030664 · Cited by 15
Bin‐Nashwan, S. A., Riyadh, H. A., Khlifi, S., & Haladu, A. (2026) · Journal of Intellectual Capital · doi:10.1108/jic-06-2025-0200 · Cited by 14
Information content and sentiment: the role of environmental disclosure in stock price crash risk
Long, W., Ma, R., & Guo, M. (2025) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104294 · Cited by 10
Bello, M. S., Said, R. M., Johari, J., & Kamarudin, F. (2022) · International journal of economics and management · doi:10.47836/ijeam.16.3.08 · Cited by 9
“As part of their oversight function, the board of directors is mandated to ensure adherence to relevant corporate laws, standards and regulations (Peters and Romi, 2013).”
BackgroundCo-opted directors and corporate climate risk disclosure
Zaman, R., Fatima, U., Farooq, M. B., & Kazemian, S. (2025) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-11-2023-2209 · Cited by 8
Debtholders' reaction to sustainability reporting regulations: International evidence
Song, H., & Rimmel, G. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3959 · Cited by 11
Cantino, V., Devalle, A., Fiandrino, S., & Busso, D. (2019) · FINANCIAL REPORTING · doi:10.3280/fr2019-001004 · Cited by 10
SEC’s 2010 Release on Climate Change: Shifting from Voluntary to Mandatory Climate Change Disclosure
Freedman, M., & Park, J. (2017) · Social and Environmental Accountability Journal · doi:10.1080/0969160x.2017.1379030 · Cited by 13
“As Peters and Romi (2013) have argued, these types of disclosures are strategically managed and one can view that as a way to spin the climate change performance.”
BackgroundReporting Connectivity, Audit Quality, and Audit Fees
Lu, M., Wang, R.-Z., Wu, Y., & Zhou, S. (2025) · Abacus. A Journal of Accounting and Business Studies · doi:10.1111/abac.70008 · Cited by 6
Environmental Performance Drivers: A Political Cost Approach
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“Evidence from China (Wang and Bernell 2013), Norway (Vormedal and Ruud 2009), Spain (Criado-Jim é nez et al. 2008), and the US (Peters and Romi 2013) shows that despite the ESG disclosure legislation introduction, companies use various impression management strategies to avoid transparency and gain…”
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“They are subject to independent and professional conduct requirements (Peters and Romi 2013).”
BackgroundDesai, R., & Vyas, J. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70935 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Peters, G. F., & Romi, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Romi, Andrea M.
- Venue
- Journal of Accounting and Public Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 213-236
- ISSN
- 0278-4254 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112211757
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 17.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- papers.ssrn.com
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Accounting and Financial Management
- Keywords
- disclosure compliance, environmental sanctions, SEC filings, voluntary disclosure, environmental accounting, materiality thresholds, environmental risk disclosure, court proceedings, environmental liability, corporate disclosure regulation
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.