Early-life farm exposures and adult asthma and atopy in the Agricultural Lung Health Study
Open accessAbstract
Background Previous studies, mostly from Europe, suggest that early-life farming exposures protect against childhood asthma and allergy; few data exist on asthma and allergy in adults.Objective We sought to examine associations between early-life farming exposures and current asthma and atopy in an older adult US farming population.Methods We analyzed data from 1746 farmers and 1555 spouses (mean age, 63) from a case-control study nested within the Agricultural Health Study. Current asthma and early-life farming exposures were assessed via questionnaires. We defined atopy based on specific IgE > 0.70 IU/mL to at least 1 of 10 allergens measured in blood. We used logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, race, state (Iowa or North Carolina), and smoking (pack years), to estimate associations between early-life exposures and asthma (1198 cases and 2031 noncases) or atopy (578 cases and 2526 noncases).Results Exposure to the farming environment in utero and in early childhood had little or no association with asthma but was associated with reduced odds of atopy. The strongest association was seen for having a mother who performed farm activities while pregnant (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.74) and remained significant in models with correlated early-life exposures including early childhood farm animal contact and raw milk consumption.Conclusions In a large US farming population, early-life farm exposures, particularly maternal farming activities while pregnant, were strongly associated with reduced risk of atopy in adults. These results extend previous work done primarily on childhood outcomes and suggest that protective associations of early-life farming exposures on atopy endure across the life course.
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A recent U.S. case-control study found that farm exposure in utero and in early childhood protected against allergen sensitization but not asthma in adulthood.
“In a recent U.S. case-control study, farm exposure in utero and in early childhood protected against allergen sensitization but not asthma in adulthood.648”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [648]
The Abstract (Results) reports that in utero and early-childhood farm exposures were associated with reduced odds of atopy but had little or no association with adult asthma. The Discussion likewise describes an inverse association with allergic sensitization. Calling the exposure protective implies a causal effect that this case-control study does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- House, J. S., Wyss, A. B., Hoppin, J. A., Richards, M., Long, S., Umbach, D. M., Henneberger, P. K., Beane Freeman, L. E., Sandler, D. P., Long O'Connell, E., Barker-Cummings, C., & London, S. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Westat (United States) (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- London, Stephanie J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 249-256.e14
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5429211
- OpenAlex
- W2553529384
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 7.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01es55546-20-0-5)
- National Cancer Institute (Z01CP010119)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (N01 ES055546, Z01ES049030, ZIAES102385)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- adult asthma, atopy, prenatal exposure, raw milk consumption, specific IgE, life course, Agricultural Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Farms, Aged, Asthma, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Immunoglobulin E, Iowa, Male, Middle Aged, North Carolina, Smoking, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
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