Cited by 123Asthma and respiratory diseasesIndoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureInsects and Parasite Interactions

A single intervention for cockroach control reduces cockroach exposure and asthma morbidity in children

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Rabito, Felicia A., Carlson, John C., He, Hua, Werthmann, Derek, Schal, Coby·2017·Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Abstract

Background Exposure to cockroaches is an important asthma trigger, particularly for children with asthma living in inner cities. Integrated pest management is the recommended approach to cockroach abatement; however, it is costly and difficult to implement. The impact of reducing cockroach exposure on asthma outcomes is not known.Objective We sought to test the use of a single intervention, insecticidal bait, to reduce cockroach exposure in the home of children with asthma in New Orleans and to examine the impact of cockroach reduction on asthma outcomes.Methods One hundred two children aged 5 to 17 years with moderate to severe asthma were enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial testing the use of insecticidal bait on cockroach counts and asthma morbidity. Homes were visited 6 times and asthma symptoms were assessed every 2 months.Results After adjustment, intervention homes had significantly fewer cockroaches than did control homes (mean change in cockroaches trapped, 13.14; 95% CI, 6.88-19.39; P < .01). Children in control homes had more asthma symptoms and unscheduled health care utilization in the previous 2 weeks (1.82, 95% CI, 0.14-3.50, P = .03; 1.17, 95% CI, 0.11-2.24, P = .03, respectively) and a higher proportion of children with FEV 1 of less than 80% predicted (odds ratio, 5.74; 95% CI, 1.60-20.57; P = .01) compared with children living in intervention homes.Conclusions Previous research has demonstrated improvement in asthma health outcomes using multifaceted interventions. The strategic placement of insecticidal bait, which is inexpensive, has low toxicity, and is widely available, resulted in sustained cockroach elimination over 12 months and was associated with improved asthma outcomes. This single intervention may be an alternative to multifaceted interventions currently recommended to improve asthma morbidity.

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  • The 2017 study concluded that targeted insecticidal bait was a simple, cost-effective, low-toxicity strategy that successfully reduced cockroach exposure and improved asthma outcomes over 12 months.

    “The study concluded that while previous research has focused on multifaceted interventions, the targeted use of insecticidal bait was a simple, cost-effective, and low-toxicity strategy that successfully reduced cockroach exposure and improved asthma outcomes over 12 months (52).”
  • A 2017 trial found that insecticidal bait effectively reduced cockroach infestations and improved asthma control in children from New Orleans.

    “A 2017 trial found that using insecticidal bait effectively decreased cockroach infestations and improved asthma control in children from New Orleans (52).”
  • In that 2017 trial, children in control homes had more asthma symptoms and higher unscheduled healthcare use (p=0.03 for both), and were more likely to have FEV1 below 80% predicted (OR 5.74; 95% CI, 1.60-20.57; p=0.01), compared with children in intervention homes.

    “Children living in control homes experienced more asthma symptoms and higher unscheduled healthcare utilization (p= 0.03 for both), as well as a greater likelihood of having FEV1 values below 80% of predicted levels (odds ratio: 5.74; 95% CI, 1.60–20.57; p= 0.01), compared to those in intervention homes (52).”
  • In that 2017 trial, intervention homes had significantly fewer cockroaches than control homes (mean reduction in trapped cockroaches: 13.14; 95% CI, 6.88-19.39; p<0.01).

    “Intervention homes had significantly fewer cockroaches compared to control homes (mean reduction in trapped cockroaches: 13.14; 95% CI, 6.88–19.39; p<0.01) (52).”
  • The 2017 insecticidal bait study was a randomized controlled trial.

    “This randomized controlled trial evaluated 102 children, aged 5 to 17 years, with moderate to severe asthma enrolled in a 12-month trial, examining the effectiveness of using insecticidal bait as a single intervention to reduce cockroach exposure and improve asthma outcomes in children living in New Orleans (52).”

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  1. [27]27. Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, Irvin CG, Leigh MW, Lundberg JO, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184:602-15.

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Authors
Rabito, F. A., Carlson, J. C., He, H., Werthmann, D., & Schal, C.
Affiliations
  • Tulane University (US)
  • North Carolina State University (US)
Corresponding author
Rabito, Felicia A.
Venue
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-08
Volume
140
Issue
2
Pages
565-570
ISSN
0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2573658437
Cited by
123
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10
FWCI
11.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Insects and Parasite Interactions
Keywords
cockroach control, insecticidal baits, childhood asthma, asthma morbidity, asthma symptoms, FEV1, integrated pest management, inner-city children
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Ambulatory Care, Animals, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Cockroaches, Environmental Exposure, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Insecticides, Male, Morbidity, Pest Control

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