Reduction of visit-to-visit LDL-C intraindividual variability in patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran vs standard lipid-lowering therapy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that visit-to-visit low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) variability-a measure of intraindividual lipid fluctuation over time-may independently influence cardiovascular risk. This study evaluated the impact of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) and inclisiran on LDL-C variability compared to standard lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in a real-world population of very high-risk patients. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, observational study including 618 patients at very high cardiovascular risk, treated at a single tertiary center. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: standard LLT (statins ± ezetimibe), PCSK9i, or inclisiran. LDL-C variability was assessed at 4 follow-up time points using both SD and coefficient of variation (CV), excluding the first lipid measurement to minimize early response bias. High variability was defined as SD or CV above the population median. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were collected as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS: Patients receiving PCSK9i or inclisiran had significantly lower LDL-C variability compared to those on standard LLT (mean SD: 8.2 and 8.5 vs 20.5 mg/dL; P < .001; mean CV: 0.17 and 0.16 vs 0.31; P < .001). High variability in both SD and CV was observed in 77.3% of patients on standard LLT, but only in 17.2% and 17.1% of patients on PCSK9i and inclisiran, respectively. MACE incidence was higher in patients with high variability (12.5% vs 6.1%, P = .012). Multivariate analysis confirmed that treatment with PCSK9i or inclisiran was independently associated with lower LDL-C variability. CONCLUSIONS: In patients at very high cardiovascular risk, PCSK9i and inclisiran therapies are associated with significantly lower visit-to-visit LDL-C variability compared to standard statin-based regimens. These findings support the importance of not only achieving LDL-C targets but also maintaining lipid stability over time, which may contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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Patients receiving inclisiran or PCSK9 inhibitors exhibited substantially lower LDL-C variability compared with those on standard lipid-lowering therapy.
“One of the studies demonstrated that patients receiving inclisiran or PCSK9 inhibitors exhibited substantially lower LDL-C variability compared with those on standard lipid-lowering therapy [21].”
Inclisiran significantly decreases visit-to-visit LDL-C intraindividual variability.
“Emerging evidence further suggests that inclisiran not only reduces absolute LDL-C levels but also significantly decreases visit-to-visit LDL-C intraindividual variability— a parameter increasingly recognized as prognostically meaningful.”
Long-interval therapies such as inclisiran, administered twice yearly, may contribute to more stable LDL-C control, potentially enhancing cardiovascular protection beyond absolute LDL-C reduction.
“Long-interval therapies such as inclisiran, administered twice yearly, may contribute to more stable LDL-C control, potentially enhancing cardiovascular protection beyond absolute LDL-C reduction [21].”
Emerging evidence suggests that reduced visit-to-visit LDL-C variability is independently associated with lower cardiovascular risk.
“Emerging evidence suggests that reduced visit-to-visit LDL-C variability is independently associated with lower cardiovascular risk.”
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- Authors
- Cesaro, A., Acerbo, V., Scialla, F., Zito, A., Porcelli, G., Panico, D., Argenziano, G., Iaria, D., Monaco, M. G., De Sio, V., Gragnano, F., Golino, M., Ruscica, M., Carugo, S., Corsini, A., & Calabrò, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Calabrò, Paolo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Lipidology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2026-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-74
- ISSN
- 1876-4789 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-2874
- OpenAlex
- W4415451395
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11
- FWCI
- 10.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of clinical lipidology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran, lipid-lowering therapy, statins, ezetimibe, very high cardiovascular risk, major adverse cardiovascular events, lipid stability, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Proprotein Convertase 9, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, RNA, Small Interfering
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