The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background Research and screening of anxiety in the perinatal period is hampered by a lack of psychometric data on self-report anxiety measures used in perinatal populations. This paper aimed to review self-report measures that have been validated with perinatal women.Methods A systematic search was carried out of four electronic databases. Additional papers were obtained through searching identified articles. Thirty studies were identified that reported validation of an anxiety measure with perinatal women.Results Most commonly validated self-report measures were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS). Of the 30 studies included, 11 used a clinical interview to provide criterion validity. Remaining studies reported one or more other forms of validity (factorial, discriminant, concurrent and predictive) or reliability. The STAI shows criterion, discriminant and predictive validity and may be most useful for research purposes as a specific measure of anxiety. The Kessler 10 (K-10) may be the best short screening measure due to its ability to differentiate anxiety disorders. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) measures multiple types of distress, shows appropriate content, and remains to be validated against clinical interview in perinatal populations.Limitations Nineteen studies did not report sensitivity or specificity data. The early stages of research into perinatal anxiety, the multitude of measures in use, and methodological differences restrict comparison of measures across studies.Conclusion There is a need for further validation of self-report measures of anxiety in the perinatal period to enable accurate screening and detection of anxiety symptoms and disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The IDAS-II has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in pregnant samples [64, 65]”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · cited 1×
“…1978); RDC = Research Diagnostic Criteria; CIS = Clinical Interview Schedule (Goldberg et al., 1970); HRSD = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamilton, 1960); PSE = Present State Examination (Wing et al., 1974); PAS = Psychiatric Assessment Schedule; SPI = Standardised Psychiatric Interview.”
Background(1970) · Cited by 24,983
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407 · cited 2×
“Sample:PC = primary care e.g. women at antenatal clinic; R = subsample of a research study; C = community Self-report instruments: CC-D&A = Trait anxiety & depression scales (Costello & Comrey, 1967); BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1991); BDI = Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961); ENES = Eysenck Neurot…”
MethodDetection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327 · cited 4×
“…has shown robust psychometric properties in non-perinatal samples and had substantially better validity coefficients than the GHQ-12 in discriminating cases of anxiety and mood disorders in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being (Kessler et al., 2002; Furukawa et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialCohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
(1995) · Cited by 6,909
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644 · Cited by 5,637 · cited 9×
“Only the GHQ-28 has a specific anxiety subscale.”
BackgroundInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 103 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bjelland, 2002, The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: an updated review, J. Psychiatr. Res., 52, 69
- Collegium-Internationale-Psychiatriae-Scalarum (Eds.), 1986. Selbstbeurteilungs Depressions-Skala. Beltz Test GmbH, Weinheim.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 329
Maul, J., Behnam, S., Wimberger, P., Henrich, W., & Arabin, B. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101400 · Cited by 11
Dennis, C., Brennenstuhl, S., Wanigaratne, S., Brown, H. K., Grigoriadis, S., Marini, F. C., & Vigod, S. N. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.005 · Cited by 10
Deutsch, A. R., Vargas, M., Lucchini, M., Brink, L. T., Odendaal, H. J., & Elliott, A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100365 · Cited by 11
“…Scale and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale have been repeatedly validated in literature with pregnant women (Kozinszky and Dudas, 2015; Meades and Ayers, 2011), other studies indicate that there are unique qualities of NAMH within pregnancy (e.g., pregnancy-related anxiety, e.g.,…”
ResultMcDonald, H. M., Sherman, K. A., & Kasparian, N. A. (2021) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2021.1908846 · Cited by 10
“Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1983) is a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms in general populations, as well as in the perinatal period (Gunning et al., 2010; Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
BackgroundDevelopment of perceived prenatal maternal stress scale
Jena, S. K., & Gangadharan, P. S. (2019) · Indian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_29_18 · Cited by 10
Cho, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Jeong, H., Kwon, M., Kim, H., Shim, J. S., Kim, K., Baek, J. H., Kyung, Y., et al. (2024) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2024.16.2.154 · Cited by 9
Validation of the Anxiety Scale for Pregnancy in a Sample of Iranian Women
Mortazavi, F., & Akaberi, A. (2017) · International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences · doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2018.12 · Cited by 9
Cluxton‐Keller, F., & Olson, A. L. (2023) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/45616 · Cited by 13
“Since this was the first REST study that enrolled perinatal women with moderate to severe anxiety, the STAI-S [44,48,49] was also administered to mothers at these 4 time points in the treatment phase to closely monitor anxiety symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOsman, A. H. M., Hagar, T. Y., Osman, A. A., & Suliaman, H. (2015) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2015.54039 · Cited by 9
“Therefore, both anxiety and depression warrant appropriate attention and investigation by researchers and women’s mental health strategists [18] [19].”
BackgroundThe Consistency of Maternal Childhood Abuse Reporting in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Racine, N., Plamondon, A., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2019) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2019.7795 · Cited by 8
“28,29 Prenatal and postnatal stress.”
Aran, P., Lewis, A. J., Watson, S., & Galbally, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23235 · Cited by 10
Lenze, S. N. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.02.001 · Cited by 9
Ponti, L., & Smorti, M. (2019) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2019.09.003 · Cited by 9
Skovbjerg, S., Birk, D., Bruggisser, S., Wolf, A. L. A., & Fjorback, L. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00860-w · Cited by 8
“The DASS excludes somatic items such as sleep disturbance, lack of energy, and poor concentration, which may not be valid markers in pregnancy or the postpartum period [31].”
BackgroundPostnatal maternal distress, infant subcortical brain macrostructure and emotional regulation
Bezanson, S., Nichols, E. S., & Duerden, E. G. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111577 · Cited by 8
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for detecting anxiety disorders in adults
Dümmler, D., Eck, S., Hapfelmeier, A., Fomenko, A., Aktürk, Z., Teusen, C., von Schrottenberg, V., Dawson, S., Linde, K., & Schneider, A. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015458 · Cited by 13
Plamondon, A., Racine, N. M., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. L. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000353 · Cited by 8
“This scale has been extensively used and validated in the perinatal period and has acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .82 (Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
MethodDaire, C., de Tejada, B. M., & Guittier, M.-J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.052 · Cited by 8
“Although there have been reports supporting the idea that STAI is “a reasonably valid screening tool for anxiety disorders to be used during pregnancy and postpartum”, (Meades and Ayers (2011); Tendais et al. (2014)) other reports have stated the opposite.”
Development and validation of the Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures Anxiety Scale
Košec, V., Radoš, S. N., & Gall, V. (2014) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4365 · Cited by 8
“A number of pregnancy-specific stress and anxiety measures have been developed to measure specific fears and worries related to pregnancy, with good predictive validity.(24) Several aspects of pregnancy anxiety were distinguished and referred to fear of childbirth, health of the fetus, worry about one’s appearance, re…”
MethodPerceived Stress and Prenatal Distress during Pregnancy and its Related Factors
Rabipoor, S., & Abedi, M. (2020) · Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery · doi:10.29252/jgbfnm.17.1.67 · Cited by 8
Shishido, E., Shuo, T., Shinohara, K., & Horiuchi, S. (2021) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12406 · Cited by 9
Buhagiar, R., Bettenzana, K., & Grant, K. (2024) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2024.104256 · Cited by 8
Haßdenteufel, K., Lingenfelder, K., Schwarze, C. E., Feißt, M., Brusniak, K., Matthies, L. M., Goetz, M., Wallwiener, M., & Wallwiener, S. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/26665 · Cited by 8
“In previous studies, the STAI has shown good discriminatory and predictive validity in perinatal populations [60].”
MethodHassan, H., Said, S. A., & Hassanine, S. (2018) · American Research Journal of Nursing · doi:10.21694/2379-2922.17014 · Cited by 10
The Prenatal Distress Measure: Adaptation of the Postpartum Distress Measure for a Prenatal Sample
Hirsch, N. M., Fingerhut, R., & Allison, K. C. (2017) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.5962 · Cited by 7
“20 Wenzel has highlighted measures that focus on more specific types of anxiety as well as measures of normative levels of anxiety.”
Tan, C. W., Tan, H. S., Sultana, R., Chui, A., Chua, T.-E., Chen, H. Y., & Sng, B. L. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s321367 · Cited by 6
Regulatory T-cell phenotypes in prenatal psychological distress
Wiley, K. S., Kwon, D., Knorr, D. A., & Fox, M. M. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.033 · Cited by 6
“…we used the Spiel-berger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Short Form (STAI) (Marteau and Bekker, 1992), a commonly used anxiety measure in pregnancy research (Meades and Ayers, 2011) shown to have strong psychometric value for both the English and Spanish language versions (Novy et al., 1995).”
Matthey, S., & Souter, K. (2019) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2019.1578869 · Cited by 6
“…two subscales, depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A), each being seven-items long, While this measure has been used in other perinatal studies (see Meades & Ayers, 2011), it should be noted that the factor structure may in fact not be stable during pregnancy (e.g. Jomeen & Martin, 2004).”
MethodValidation of an anxiety scale for prenatal diagnostic procedures
Kindermann, L., Traebert, J. L., & Nunes, R. D. (2019) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000621 · Cited by 6
Cutajar, K., & Bates, G. W. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13020120 · Cited by 5
“The HADS is a 14-item self-report scale that assesses depression and anxiety symptoms in the previous week and is the most widely validated anxiety measure in the perinatal population [41] and the depression measures have substantial overlap with the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale [42].”
Advice for Health Care Professionals and Users: An Evaluation of Websites for Perinatal Anxiety
Moore, D., & Harrison, V. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/11464 · Cited by 4
“This raises some concerns, as the authors of the tool uphold that it does not measure anxiety [44], and other research suggests it does not reliably distinguish between anxiety and depression symptoms [45,46].”
BackgroundTol, W. A., Rees, S. J., Tay, A. K., Tam, N., Segurado, A. D. C. S., Costa, Z. M. D., Soares, E. S. D. C., Alves, A. D. C., Martins, N., & Silove, D. M. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw130 · Cited by 5
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression
Todd, G., & Branch, R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.021 · Cited by 5
Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms
Ware, O. D. (2023) · Substance Abuse Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/11782218231195226 · Cited by 4
Reeves, N., Benarous, X., Decaluwe, B., & Wendland, J. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2024.2389811 · Cited by 5
Val, A., & Míguez, M. C. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03099-8 · Cited by 4
“This could be explained by the brevity of the scale, which is why it has been criticized (Matthey et al., 2013b, Meades and Ayers, 2011).”
How do personality characteristics of risky pregnant women affect their prenatal distress levels?
Evcılı, F., & Dağlar, G. (2019) · Journal of Health Research · doi:10.1108/jhr-07-2019-0143 · Cited by 4
Association of antenatal anxiety with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective hospital-based study
Dwivedi, A. K., Sandhu, N., Datta, S., Gumber, A., Shukla, L., Yadav, U. K., Singh, S., & Sharma, P. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_367_21 · Cited by 4
Álvarez-Ramírez, M., División de Estudios de Posgrado, L. D. Q. A., Lara, M. A., Cervantes-Alfaro, J. M., Robinson‐Fuentes, V. A., Alveano-Hernández, J., Departamento de Modelos de Intervención, I. N. D. P. R. D. L. F. M., División de Estudios de Posgrado, L. D. N. Y. N. E., & Escuela de Medicina, U. V. D. Q. (2018) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.002 · Cited by 4
“(Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
BackgroundLara-Cinisomo, S., D'Anna‐Hernandez, K., & Non, A. L. (2021) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2021.03.004 · Cited by 4
Bibliometric analysis of perinatal anxiety and depression from 1920-2020: A protocol
Dol, J., Campbell-Yeo, M. L., Dennis, C., & Leahy‐Warren, P. (2021) · Healthy Populations Journal · doi:10.15273/hpj.v1i2.11002 · Cited by 4
Upadhyaya, S. (2016) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) · Cited by 4
Rebecchini, L., Bind, R. H., Allegri, B., Zamparelli, A., Biaggi, A., Hazelgrove, K. M., Osborne, S., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S. J., Sethna, V., et al. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13624 · Cited by 3
Le, H., Andescavage, N. N., Keller, J. M., Bassa, M., Danielson, A., Henderson, D., Bond, S., Mjenga, N., Wells, S., Quinn, P., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101489 · Cited by 3
“This screening gap persists despite the existence of identifiable risk factors for perinatal depression and anxiety, such as a history of depression, limited social support, and low socio-economic status [45,46] and well-validated screening instruments [47, 48].”
Wilson, A., Bedwell, C., Danna, V. A., Tate, N., Dwan, K. M., Portela, A. G., & Lavender, T. (2026) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005690 · Cited by 6
Psychology of Religion, Spirituality, and the Thriving Family
Brelsford, G. M., & Ripley, J. S. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009545549 · Cited by 3
The Translation of Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) into Arabic
Alfarajat, E. M., Othman, A., & Khalaf, I. A. (2020) · Open Journal of Nursing · doi:10.4236/ojn.2020.104025 · Cited by 3
“Accurate screening and early detection needs validation of perinatal anxiety measures [11].”
BackgroundWalls, J., Farewell, C. V., Traikoff, K., Burns, H., Whalen, J., Shefferman, M., & Leiferman, J. A. (2022) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2203038 · Cited by 3
Impact of physical activity during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment
Troncoso, C. S., Hernández‐Martínez, C., Voltas, N., Canals, J., Jardí, C., Basora, J., & Arija, V. (2022) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2022.2155626 · Cited by 3
“The Spanish version of the STAI have shown good psychometric properties (Spielberger et al., 1997) also, during pregnancy (Meades & Ayers, 2011) The quality of the pregnant women’s diet was estimated in each trimester of pregnancy according to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Trichopoulou…”
MethodRayport, Y. K., Morales, S., Shuffrey, L. C., Hockett, C. W., Ziegler, K. M., Rao, S. G., Fifer, W. P., Elliott, A., & Sania, A. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05113-2 · Cited by 5
“The STAI has been widely validated to assess anxiety in perinatal women [37].”
MethodKerstis, B., Jönsson, P., Derwig, M., Nilsson, K. W., Hallström, I., & Lindeberg, S. I. (2025) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70099 · Cited by 3
Zur Bedeutung von sozialer Unterstützung während der Schwangerschaft
Ulrich, F., & Petermann, F. (2014) · Psychologische Rundschau · doi:10.1026/0033-3042/a000197 · Cited by 3
Psycho-Emotional Impact of Anomaly Ultrasound Scan in Romanian Pregnant Women
Pleș, L., Hamoud, B. H., Dimitriu, M. C. T., Cirstoveanu, C. G., Socea, B., Ionescu, A. C., Albu, D. N., Sima, R., & Poenaru, M. O. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9111415 · Cited by 3
Mood, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period
Vigod, S. N., Buist, A., & Steiner, M. S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107045132.011 · Cited by 4
The Feasibility of Yoga in the Treatment of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Davis, K. (2013) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) · Cited by 3
Skovbjerg, S., Kolls, M., Kjærbye‐Thygesen, A., & Fjorback, L. O. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01670-0 · Cited by 2
“The DASS-21 excludes somatic items such as sleep disturbance, lack of energy, and poor concentration, which may not be valid markers in pregnancy or the postpartum period [44].”
Mwita, M., Patten, S. B., Dewey, D., & Konje, E. T. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00983-5 · Cited by 3
Physical activity during pregnancy and depression, anxiety and stress: randomized clinical trials
Sánchez‐Polán, M., Brik, M., Silva-José, C., Zhang, D., Díaz-Blanco, M. Á., de la Manzanara, P. H. L., Martín-Arias, A., Alzola, I., & Barakat, R. (2025) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2025.101835 · Cited by 5
Dewantiningrum, J., Andonotopo, W., Lukas, E., Pramono, M. B. A., Prabowo, W., Bachnas, M. A., Sanjaya, I. N. H., Wiradnyana, A. A. G. P., Kusuma, A. A. N. J., Gumilar, K. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2025-0300 · Cited by 2
“Meades and Ayers [44] and Meades et al. [45] noted that validated anxiety instruments are still underused, often supplanted by depression-dominant measures.”
Hameed, N. M., & Al-Waheb, A. M. (2021) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17706 · Cited by 2
“Among the most effective diagnostic tools for assessing anxiety during pregnancy arethe questionnaires of Beck Anxiety Inventory scale(13).”
BackgroundWorrall, S., Christiansen, P., Khalil, A. A., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S. A. (2025) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.70032 · Cited by 2
“In light of the increasing recognition of the value of postpartum‐specific tools (Meades and Ayers 2011), the PSAS (Fallon et al. 2016) and the PSAS‐RSF (Davies et al. 2021) have to date been used in two studies exploring anxiety in mothers of preterm infants (Worrall et al. 2023, 2024b).”
Darwin, Z. J. (2013) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Macdonald, G. M., Alderdice, F. A., Clarke, M. J., Perra, O., Lynn, F. A., McShane, T., & Millen, S. (2018) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-018-0235-2 · Cited by 3
“The STAI shows strong criterion, discriminant and predictive validity in perinatal populations [60].”
BackgroundDowns, D. S., Leonard, K. S., Beiler, J. S., & Paul, I. M. (2017) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0585 · Cited by 2
Women’s experiences and reactions when a fetal malformation is detected by ultrasound examination
Asplin, N. (2013) · Figshare · Cited by 2
Tripathi, T., Watson, J., Holmes, N. E., McCoy, J., Stump, H., & Hui, L. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7669354/v1 · Cited by 2
Caffieri, A., Fabbricatore, R., & Margherita, G. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.3037 · Cited by 1
Antenatal anxiety symptoms and its contributing factors: The case in urban areas of Ethiopia
Tamirat, K. S., Shishehgar, S., & Dadi, A. F. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112379 · Cited by 1
van der Veere, C. N., den Heijer, A. E., & Bos, A. F. (2025) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106405 · Cited by 2
Lazarus, M. A., Franzolini, B., Eriksson, J. G., Chong, M. F., Ying, T. J., Iorio, M. D., Meaney, M. J., Godfrey, K. M., Yap, F. K. P., Chen, H., et al. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.108340 · Cited by 1
“This instrument has demonstrated construct validity in both clinical and non-clinical populations (Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
Foreman, I., Hunt, T., Peterkin, J., & Hodgekins, J. (2025) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-025-01543-z · Cited by 1
“The DASS-21 is recommended for use in non-clinical and postnatal populations (Meades & Ayers, 2011; Miller et al., 2006 ; Xavier et al., 2016 ).”
Oxytocin and early life stress in late preterm newborns: an exploratory study
Consales, A., Arioli, M., Addabbo, M., Bulf, H., Silvestri, V., Turati, C., Battezzati, A., Ravasenghi, S., Colombo, L., Petrelli, A., et al. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107851 · Cited by 2
Building the Foundation in Early Infancy, 1–6 Months
Vozar, T. M., Breuer, A. R., Lofton, A. M., Heller, S. S., & Evenson, A. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03110-7_3 · Cited by 1
Choe, R. W., Sim, Y. F., Hong, C., Mohideen, S., Nadarajan, R., Yap, F. K. P., Shek, L. P., Hsu, C. S., Broekman, B. F. P., & Ferreira, J. N. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256163 · Cited by 1
“The STAI has been shown to have construct validity [49] and reliability within the GUSTO cohort [50].”
MethodSharma, E., & Prince, J. B. (2023) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-08-2023-0091 · Cited by 1
State Anxiety in Mothers with Vulnerable Neonates Who Give Birth by Caesarean Section
Bastani, F., Rahimbeigloo, E. R., Rahnavard, Z., & Haghani, H. (2014) · Iran Journal of Nursing · doi:10.29252/ijn.27.90.91.131 · Cited by 1
Prenatal Anxiety and Cesarean Delivery in a Clinic Population
Kirby, C. (2015) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1
Anxious mothers... anxious babies?
Hiscock, H. (2014) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306631 · Cited by 1
Him, A., & Marie, D. (2014) · Cited by 1
Adhikari, K., Bright, K. S., Metcalfe, A., & Patten, S. B. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0844562120969259 · Cited by 1
“…scales in perinatal populations (Alderdice et al., 2012; Bayrampour et al., 2016; Brunton et al., 2015; Evans et al., 2015; Meades & Ayers, 2011), no consensus exists on whether these scales are valid for anxiety screening in perinatal populations, unlike depression where…”
BackgroundZheng, L., Li, J., Xue, H., Zhang, X., Ni, F., Wu, Q., Zhang, H., & Zhao, P. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1649112/v1 · Cited by 1
Laifer, L. M., Ramsdell, E. L., Stasik-O’Brien, S. M., Martin, R. C. B., & Brock, R. L. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/5164261
“The IDAS-II has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in pregnant samples [64, 65], and the Dysphoria scale demonstrated good internal consistency across timepoints in the present study ( α s ranging from 0.83 to 0.87).”
InfluentialHormonal and reproductive effects
Castle, D. J., & Abel, K. M. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107045132.009
A test of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in postpartum psychiatric inpatients
Cunningham, N. K. (2016) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)
The role of cognitive and metacognitive factors in perinatal depression and anxiety
Leach, D. M. (2018) · Research Repository (Kingston University London)
Leitão, M. P. C. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.6.2019.tde-01102019-105333
Martínez‐Borba, V., Osma, J., Suso‐Ribera, C., & Pejó, L. A. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01559-0
“…indicate that measures of mechanisms underlying anxiety in this population have been largely ignored as the focus has been mostly placed on outcomes (i.e., measures of anxiety and depression, but not their potential psychological underlying mechanisms; Meades & Ayers, 2011; Sinesi et al., 2019).”
BackgroundDudek, J. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
García, O., & Klarissa, I. (2021) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perinatal Depression
Sockol, L. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.025
Dejbakht, M., Khooshab, E., Zeidabadi, A., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2022) · Shiraz E-Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/semj-116001
“The results of a study by Meades and Ayers (2011) (10) were consistent with the results of this study.”
ResultDoula support in office hysteroscopy: results from a pilot study
Montejo, R., Hermansson, J., Wranker, L. S., & Danielsson, L. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog4804151
Exposure Therapy with Patients Who Are Pregnant
Challacombe, F. L., & Jansen, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04927-9_11 · Cited by 1
Agarwal, R. (2021) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc010181
Perry, C. P. B., & da Cunha, A. C. B. (2023) · Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2023.14.00732
Johnson, K. M., Luff, D. F., Macharia, A., Troutman, M., Lamberto, A., Marchand, K. F., Hacker, M. R., Brown, S. D., & O’Brien, B. M. (2023) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102652
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT BETWEEN ANXIETY AND LIFE SATISFACTION: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Ning, S., & Chunyang, D. (2023) · EPRA International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies · doi:10.36713/epra14375
Psychological response of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Lasso-Olayo, L., Pasierb, D., Berdejo, V., & Gasch‐Gallén, À. (2023) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0088en
“The higher the score, the greater the anxiety (8,19) .”
BackgroundKnorr, D. A., Yen, Y.-T., Zhang, R., Pisarska, M. D., Afshar, Y., Tseng, H., Zhu, Y., & Fox, M. M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847580/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Meades, R., & Ayers, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- ORCID
- Ayers, Susan
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114696206
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- perinatal anxiety, anxiety screening, psychometric validation, General Health Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Kessler K10, DASS-21, criterion validity, discriminant validity, perinatal women
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Weights and Measures, Reproducibility of Results, Postpartum Period
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
