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Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background Research and screening of anxiety in the perinatal period is hampered by a lack of psychometric data on self-report anxiety measures used in perinatal populations. This paper aimed to review self-report measures that have been validated with perinatal women.Methods A systematic search was carried out of four electronic databases. Additional papers were obtained through searching identified articles. Thirty studies were identified that reported validation of an anxiety measure with perinatal women.Results Most commonly validated self-report measures were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS). Of the 30 studies included, 11 used a clinical interview to provide criterion validity. Remaining studies reported one or more other forms of validity (factorial, discriminant, concurrent and predictive) or reliability. The STAI shows criterion, discriminant and predictive validity and may be most useful for research purposes as a specific measure of anxiety. The Kessler 10 (K-10) may be the best short screening measure due to its ability to differentiate anxiety disorders. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) measures multiple types of distress, shows appropriate content, and remains to be validated against clinical interview in perinatal populations.Limitations Nineteen studies did not report sensitivity or specificity data. The early stages of research into perinatal anxiety, the multitude of measures in use, and methodological differences restrict comparison of measures across studies.Conclusion There is a need for further validation of self-report measures of anxiety in the perinatal period to enable accurate screening and detection of anxiety symptoms and disorders.
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“The IDAS-II has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in pregnant samples [64, 65]”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
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Cites
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Chong, S., Broekman, B. F. P., Qiu, A., Aris, I. M., Chan, Y. H., Rifkin‐Graboi, A., Law, E. C., Chee, C. Y. I., Chong, Y. S., Kwek, K. Y. C., et al. (2016) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21582 · Cited by 39
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“The Spielberger State‐Trait 0002265218.indd 17 3/13/2015 12:14:42 PM Anxiety Inventory has been validated for use in perinatal populations (Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
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Financial strain and birth weight: the mediating role of psychological distress
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“The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measures general anxiety and has shown strong criterion, discriminant, and predictive validity in perinatal populations (Meades and Ayers 2011).”
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Fischbein, R. L., Nicholas, L., Kingsbury, D. M., Falletta, L. M., Baughman, K. R., & VanGeest, J. B. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.007 · Cited by 38
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“Many generic measures have not been tested in this context, and certain psychometric properties may not apply to the unique nature of this period (Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
BackgroundEstablishing a coherent and replicable measurement model of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
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“This observation is not only consistent with an important component of the tri-dimensional model of depression suggested by Clark and Watson (1991) but also resonates with the finding of a tridimensional structure which includes an anhedonia domain to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983…”
Austin, M., Christl, B., McMahon, C., Kildea, S. V., Reilly, N. M., Yin, C., Simcock, G. P., Elgbeili, G., Laplante, D. P., & King, S. (2017) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.10.005 · Cited by 32
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Anderson, L. N., Knight, J. A., Hung, R. J., Hewko, S. L., Seeto, R. A., Martin, M., Fleming, A. S., Maguire, J. L., Matthews, S. G., Murphy, K. E., et al. (2018) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12473 · Cited by 31
Ritchie-Ewing, G., Mitchell, A. M., & Christian, L. M. (2018) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334418767832 · Cited by 33
A Qualitative Approach to Examine Women's Experience of Planned Cesarean
Blüml, V., Stammler‐Safar, M., Reitinger, A. K., Resch, I., Naderer, A., & Leithner, K. (2012) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01398.x · Cited by 32
Symptoms of the Anxiety Disorders in a Perinatal Psychiatric Sample
Schofield, C. A., Battle, C. L., Howard, M. M., & Ortiz-Hernández, S. (2014) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000086 · Cited by 31
“We recognize that a comprehensive evaluation of the anxiety disorders is prohibitively time consuming within the bounds of many mental health settings, and, at this time, there are genuine limitations to the available self-report measures typically used to assess anxiety in perinatal populations (Meades and Ayers, 201…”
BackgroundInfluentialCena, L., Palumbo, G., Mirabella, F., Gigantesco, A., Stefana, A., Trainini, A., Tralli, N., & Imbasciati, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00365 · Cited by 31
Maternal emotional wellbeing over time and attachment to the fetus when a malformation is detected
Asplin, N., Wessel, H., Marions, L., & Öhman, S. G. (2015) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2015.04.003 · Cited by 29
“The STAI is a well-validated scale for the evaluation of anxiety [41].”
MethodLara-Cinisomo, S., Fujimoto, E. M., Oksas, C., Jian, Y., & Gharheeb, A. (2019) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-019-02800-w · Cited by 30
Savory, K. A., Garay, S. M., Sumption, L. A., Kelleher, J. S., Daughters, K., Janssen, A. B., van Goozen, S. H. M., & John, R. M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.057 · Cited by 29
“, 1996) and the trait subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Grant et al., 2008; Meades and Ayers, 2011).”
BackgroundCena, L., Gigantesco, A., Mirabella, F., Palumbo, G., Trainini, A., & Stefana, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737666 · Cited by 29
“, discriminant and predictive validity, short-term test-retest reliability; (33)] and its easy and quick use can yield a reasonably accurate estimate of prevalence, while its widespread utilization in research (1, 34) allows for accurate comparisons among countries.”
BackgroundDepression, anxiety and stress among pregnant migraineurs in a pacific-northwest cohort
Orta, O. R., Gelaye, B., Qiu, C., Stoner, L. R., & Williams, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.032 · Cited by 30
“Participants were then asked to complete two brief self-administered survey instruments to screen for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module-9 (PHQ-9), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21-item Short Form (DASS-21), both of which have been validated…”
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Ravid, E., Salzer, L., Arnon, L., Eisner, M., Wiznitzer, A., Weller, A., Koren, L., & Hadar, E. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1925-8 · Cited by 29
Thiel, F., Iffland, L., Drozd, F., Haga, S. M., Martini, J., Weidner, K., Eberhard‐Gran, M., & Garthus‐Niegel, S. (2020) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-019-01015-w · Cited by 33
“Further, there is currently no gold standard instrument to assess prenatal anxiety (Meades and Ayers 2011), and heterogeneous use of instruments, cutoff scores, and time points make inter-study comparisons rather difficult (Field 2018).”
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Communication Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Can It Backfire?
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Positive Emotions During Infant Feeding and Breastfeeding Outcomes
Wouk, K., Tucker, C., Pence, B. W., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Zvara, B. J., Grewen, K., & Stuebe, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334419845646 · Cited by 28
“…symptoms via State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State scores (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970; Supplemental Figure 6) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91–0.95 (Meades & Ayers, 2011); moderate/severe childhood trauma via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein & Fink, 1998; Supplemental Figure…”
BackgroundInfluentialScreening for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Obstetric Settings
Byatt, N., Masters, G. A., Bergman, A. L., & Simas, T. A. M. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01182-z · Cited by 29
Women’s views on anxiety in pregnancy and the use of anxiety instruments: a qualitative study
Evans, K., Morrell, C., & Spiby, H. (2017) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2016.1245413 · Cited by 23
“Four recent literature reviews (Alderdice et al., 2012; Evans, Spiby, & Morrell, 2015; Meades & Ayers, 2011; Morrell, Cantrell, Evans, & Carrick-Sen, 2013) have highlighted the limited research investigating psychometric properties of pregnancy-specific anxiety measures.”
BackgroundMethodPersistence of anxiety symptoms after elective caesarean delivery
Janssen, A. B., Savory, K. A., Garay, S. M., Sumption, L. A., Watkins, W. J., García-Martín, I., Savory, N., Ridgway, A., Isles, A. R., Penketh, R., et al. (2018) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.48 · Cited by 27
Disordered eating measures validated in pregnancy samples: a systematic review
Bannatyne, A. J., McNeil, E. C., Stapleton, P., MacKenzie‐Shalders, K. L., & Watt, B. D. (2019) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2019.1663478 · Cited by 26
“…where several instruments specific to the perinatal period have been developed (e.g., the Edinburgh [Postnatal] Depression Scale and the Postpartum Depression Screen) after researchers acknowledged the poor content validity of general depression measures in pregnancy (Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
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“General anxiety assessment tools also may artificially inflate anxiety scores and the probability of false positives, due to the inadequacy of items to the specific characteristics of pregnancy and postpartum, particularly regarding somatic symptoms.(11) Furthermore, a significant number of women who experience high l…”
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“The first scale measures state anxiety, defined as a transitory emotional state or condition, and the second measures trait, character, and logical anxiety [60, 61].”
BackgroundPregnancy‐related anxiety: Re‐examining its distinctiveness†
Anderson, C., Brunton, R., & Dryer, R. (2018) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12365 · Cited by 24
“For pregnancy-related anxiety measures without demonstrated validity could result in women potentially being overlooked or misdiagnosed (Matthey, Valenti, Souter, & Ross-Hamid, 2013; Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
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Markham, W., & Spencer, N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262988 · Cited by 22
“The first step was via a combined perinatal maternal depression and anxiety factor that was based on scores from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the State Trait Inventory Anxiety (STAI) [42,43] (standardised β coefficient for indirect effect = -0.15).”
MethodInfluentialDevelopmental Predictors of Inattention-Hyperactivity from Pregnancy to Early Childhood
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“The STAI includes 20 items, scored 0 (lowest degree of anxiety) to 3 (highest) [17].”
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Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms: Rates and Risk Factors in Mexican Women
Padilla, J. J., Lara-Cinisomo, S., Navarrete, L., & Lara, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010082 · Cited by 24
“80 in Mexican women and has been used with perinatal women [9,29].”
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“Measurement of anxiety and stress in pregnancy A recent systematic review examined validated measures of anxiety (Meades & Ayers, 2011) and found the Pregnancy Anxiety Scale was the only tool specifically designed for use with pregnant women.”
MethodFoss, S., Petty, C. R., Howell, C., Mendonca, J. T., Bosse, A., Waber, D. P., Wright, R. J., & Enlow, M. B. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000402 · Cited by 24
“…to capture general anxiety symptoms that do not appear to be unchanged over long periods and instead may be uniquely experienced during the prenatal period (Giakoumaki et al., 2009; Gimbel et al., 2021; Gunning et al., 2010; Haddad, et al., 1985; Hundley et al., 1998; Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
Validation of the MGMQ in screening for emotional difficulties in women during pregnancy
Matthey, S., Souter, K., Valenti, B., & Ross-Hamid, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.037 · Cited by 22
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“Although general anxiety measures have been validated for measuring anxiety levels in the general population, they were not developed to measure anxieties specific to pregnant populations (Meades and Ayers, 2011).”
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“STAI shows the criterion of discriminant and predictive validity, and the scale may be useful in research for measuring perinatal women’s anxiety [23].”
Attention bias to infant faces in pregnant women predicts maternal sensitivity
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Dingsdale, H., Nan, X., Garay, S. M., Mueller, A., Sumption, L. A., Chacón-Fernández, P., Martínez‐Garay, I., Ghevaert, C., Barde, Y., & John, R. M. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01176-8 · Cited by 23
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“, 1983), although its stability has been questioned in perinatal cohorts (Meades and Ayers, 2011).”
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“Although there is increasing research into the relationship between a premature birth and the onset of PPA (15), the use of measures designed for general adult populations persists (21, 22), despite evidence suggesting that they are inappropriate for use during the postpartum period (23).”
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“It consists of 40 items (range: 0–4), divided into two sub-scales (score range: 20–80): state anxiety (STAI-Y1), the respondent’s level of anxiety at the present time, which in perinatal studies is used to assess maternal anxiety related to pregnancy [25,26]; trait anxiety (STAI-Y2), the usual level of the respondent’…”
BackgroundScreening for Anxiety in Adolescent and Adult Women
Nelson, H. D., Cantor, A. G., Pappas, M., & Weeks, C. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0579 · Cited by 21
“30-item General Health Questionnaire Meades and Ayers, 2011 (42) 77 to 83; 71 to 89 (3 studies) — PPV: 0.”
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“Fifth, although the questionnaires used to assess mental health were valid and reliable for the general population, their psychometric properties have not been extensively tested during pregnancy, except for the STAI which is validated in pregnant women [20].”
BackgroundMethodThe approach to managing perinatal anxiety: A mini-review
Silverwood, V., Bullock, L., Turner, K. M., Chew-Graham, C. A., & Kingstone, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022459 · Cited by 18
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“The STAI has shown construct validity (Meades & Ayers, 2011) and was considered reliable within theGUSTOcohort (Qiu et al., 2013).”
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“Commonly used for the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders, the SAS and SDS have been validated in Chinese women and applied to postpartum women (16,19-21).”
MethodKlages, K., Kundu, S., Erlenwein, J., Elsaesser, M., Hillemanns, P., Scharf, A., & STABOULIDOU, I. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s128300 · Cited by 18
Effets différentiels des types de soutien social sur l'anxiété maternelle périnatale
Capponi, I., Bacro, F., & Boudoukha, A. H. (2013) · Bulletin de psychologie · doi:10.3917/bupsy.525.0209 · Cited by 26
van Lee, L., Cai, S., Loy, S. L., Tham, E. K. H., Yap, F. K. P., Godfrey, K. M., Gluckman, P. D., Shek, L. P., Teoh, O. H., Goh, D. Y. T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.069 · Cited by 17
“The STAI consists of two 20-item subscales (State and Trait anxiety) scored 0-4 to assess anxiety levels and has been shown to have construct validity (Meades and Ayers, 2011) and reliability within the GUSTO study (Qiu et al.”
BackgroundMethodHartley, E., Hill, B., Bailey, C., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., & Skouteris, H. (2018) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2018.07.002 · Cited by 18
Perinatal maternal mental health is associated with both infections and wheezing in early childhood
Rusconi, F., Gagliardi, L., Gori, E., Porta, D., Popovic, M. B., Asta, F., Brescianini, S., Richiardi, L., Ronfani, L., & Stazi, M. A. (2019) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13103 · Cited by 17
Evaluation of the CORE-10 to assess psychological distress in pregnancy
Coates, R., Ayers, S., de Visser, R. O., & Thornton, A. (2019) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2019.1702631 · Cited by 19
Self-citationPositive Emotions During Infant Feeding and Postpartum Mental Health
Wouk, K., Gottfredson, N. C., Tucker, C., Pence, B. W., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Zvara, B. J., Grewen, K., & Stuebe, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6889 · Cited by 16
“Both instruments have been validated in perinatal populations.(31,32) Outcomes were assessed as both continuous symptoms and binary thresholds for meeting clinically significant cutoffs for depression or anxiety.”
BackgroundThe Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS): development and initial psychometric validation
Sinesi, A., Cheyne, H., Maxwell, M., & O’Carroll, R. E. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100333 · Cited by 15
Mirzaee, F., Hasanpoor‐Azghady, S. B., & Amiri‐Farahani, L. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03922-2 · Cited by 15
“The STAI has been widely validated in the general population [38] and is one of the most common measures used in research to assess the anxiety of pregnant women [39].”
BackgroundHorsley, K. J., Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Ditto, B., & Tough, S. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000695 · Cited by 15
“The SAI has been validated during the perinatal period (23) and has demonstrated adequate internal consistency within the AOF cohort (Cronbach's α = .”
BackgroundKuipers, Y., Henrichs, J., & Evans, K. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103615 · Cited by 14
Fallon, V., Davies, S. M., Christiansen, P., Harrold, J. A., & Silverio, S. A. (2022) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01233-9 · Cited by 14
“This was evidenced in a systematic review of anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations, which reported that no factor analyses had been conducted on either the STAI or the GAD in a perinatal sample (Meades and Ayers 2011).”
MethodSilverwood, V., Bullock, L., Jordan, J. L., Turner, K. M., Chew-Graham, C. A., Kingstone, T., & Dawson, S. (2023) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0022 · Cited by 16
Schwarze, C. E., von der Heiden, S., Wallwiener, S., & Pauen, S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.035 · Cited by 24
Bibliometric analysis of published articles on perinatal anxiety from 1920 to 2020
Dol, J., Campbell-Yeo, M. L., Leahy‐Warren, P., LaPointe, C. H., & Dennis, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.231 · Cited by 14
Antenatal Anxiety: Prevalence and Patterns in a Routine Obstetric Population
Chua, T.-E., Bautista, D. C., Tan, K. H., Yeo, G. S. H., & Chen, H. (2018) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v47n10p405 · Cited by 14
Symptoms of Prenatal Depression Associated with Shorter Telomeres in Female Placenta
García-Martín, I., Penketh, R., Garay, S. M., Jones, R. E., Grimstead, J. W., Baird, D. M., & John, R. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147458 · Cited by 14
“Anxiety was measured using the Trait subscale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure general anxiety levels [32,33].”
MethodFreed, R. D., Tompson, M. C., Otto, M. W., Nierenberg, A. A., Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., Wang, C. H., & Henin, A. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22254 · Cited by 14
“Although in recent years, screening for depression during pregnancy has become an important priority for health care providers,[40] identification of anxiety during pregnancy has received less attention[41].”
BackgroundLau, Y., Wang, Y., Kwong, D. H. K., & Ying, W. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2014.992410 · Cited by 14
Folliard, K. J., Crozier, K. E., & Kamble, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15497 · Cited by 17
Anxiety, Depression, and Pain in the Perinatal Period: A Review for Obstetric Care Providers
Xiong, P. T., Poehlmann, J. R., Stowe, Z. N., & Antony, K. M. (2021) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000958 · Cited by 13
Social stress predicts preterm birth in twin pregnancies
Owen, D. J., Wood, L., Tomenson, B., Creed, F. H., & Neilson, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2016.1235146 · Cited by 13
“Approximately 20–25% of women in the general population have experienced during the past year a severe event or chronic difficulty of any type (most commonly in the health and environment categories); this proportion is similar to women in the term groups of this study [18].”
BackgroundSyn, N. L. X., Chan, S., Chia, E. W. Y., Ong, W. X., Phua, D. Y., Cai, S., Shek, L. P., Chong, Y. S., Daniel, L. M., Broekman, B. F. P., et al. (2020) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12703 · Cited by 13
The Methylation of Clock Genes in Perinatal Depression: Which Role for Oxytocin?
Iodice, S., Paolo, M. D., Barkin, J. L., Tarantini, L., Grassi, S., Redaelli, M., Serati, M., Favalli, V., Cirella, L., Bollati, V., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734825 · Cited by 12
Disordered eating instruments in the pregnancy cohort: a systematic review update
Stephens, J., Ellis, A., Roberts, S., Gillespie, K. M., Bannatyne, A. J., & Branjerdporn, G. (2024) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2024.2386469 · Cited by 12
Arginine and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Pregnant Women With Major Depression
Raw, A., Gallaher, M. J., & Powers, R. W. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000077 · Cited by 12
“In brief, the STAI is a self-report questionnaire consists of two subscales, each containing 20 items, and measures anxiety at the moment of scoring (24).”
BackgroundA systematic review of patient–reported outcome measures used in maternal postpartum anxiety
O’Carroll, J., Ando, K., Yun, R., Panelli, D. M., Nicklin, A., Kennedy, N., Carvalho, B., Blake, L., Coker, J. L., Kaysen, D. L., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101076 · Cited by 13
Garay, S. M., Savory, K. A., Sumption, L. A., Penketh, R., Jones, I. R., Janssen, A. B., & John, R. M. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.029 · Cited by 12
“, 1983), which has been validated for use in pregnancy (Meades and Ayers, 2011), with Grant et al.”
Maternal distress, HPA activity, and antenatal interventions: A systematic review
Fassaie, S., & McAloon, J. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104477 · Cited by 12
Skovbjerg, S., Sumbundu, A. D., Kolls, M., Kjærbye‐Thygesen, A., & Fjorback, L. O. (2023) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04194-3 · Cited by 13
“The DASS excludes somatic items such as sleep disturbance, lack of energy and poor concentration, which may not be valid markers in pregnancy or the postpartum period [46].”
BackgroundPerinatal anxiety disorders screening study: a study protocol
Fairbrother, N., Stagg, B., Scoten, O. C., Keeney, C., & Cargnelli, C. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05575-9 · Cited by 13
“Consequently, the evidence base remains inadequate to enable clear recommendations regarding optimal screening practice [4, 6].”
BackgroundIonio, C., Ciuffo, G., Landoni, M., Smorti, M., Vedova, A. M. D., Christiansen, P., Fallon, V., Silverio, S. A., & Bramante, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208613 · Cited by 12
Pierson, M., Prenoveau, J. M., Craske, M. G., Netsi, E., & Stein, A. L. (2017) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000443 · Cited by 11
“Comparing self-report measure responses (in this case, using the GAD-Q-IV; Newman et al., 2002) to clinical interview diagnoses is the “gold-standard” validation method for self-report measures (Meades & Ayers, 2011; Rodebaugh et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodStyle d’attachement, maternité et anxiété spécifique à la grossesse
Reeves, N., & Wendland, J. (2017) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2017.03.001 · Cited by 11
Validation française d’une échelle d’anxiété spécifique à la grossesse (PRAQ-R2)
Reymond, C., Derguy, C., Wendland, J., & Loyal, D. (2019) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2018.11.008 · Cited by 11
Self‐reported stress, coping ability, mental status, and periodontal diseases among police recruits
Ramlogan, S., Raman, V., Abraham, K., & Pierre, K. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.258 · Cited by 11
“The GHQ was reported as a commonly validated self-reported method in systematic reviews of anxiety or depression measures (Hewitt, Perry, Adams, & Gilbody, 2011; Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
MethodAssociations between religiosity and perinatal anxiety symptoms among women of Mexican descent
Osman, K. M., Lara-Cinisomo, S., & D'Anna‐Hernandez, K. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.066 · Cited by 11
“Introduction Anxiety is an important mental health disorder during pregnancy as over half of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms (Meades & Ayers 2011).”
Dol, J., Aston, M. L., Grant, A. K., McMillan, D., Murphy, G. T., & Campbell-Yeo, M. L. (2021) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12603 · Cited by 11
Reliability and validity of generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale in early pregnant women
Gong, L., Xie, X.-L., Liu, S., Hu, W., Niu, Y.-J., Sun, Y., Liu, J., & Xia, X. (2022) · Reproductive and Developmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/rd9.0000000000000046 · Cited by 10
“Several measures have been used to assess anxiety[29].”
MethodMid‐pregnancy and postpartum maternal mental health and infant sleep in the first year of life
Cai, S., Phua, D. Y., Tham, E. K. H., Goh, D. Y. T., Teoh, O. H., Shek, L. P., Tan, K. H., Yap, F. K. P., Chong, Y. S., Chen, H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13804 · Cited by 10
“…and 3 months postpartum, using self-administered questionnaires: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which have all been validated in antenatal and postpartum women (Gibson et al., 2009; Meades & Ayers, 2011).”
MethodQiu, A., Shen, C., López-Vicente, M., Székely, E., Chong, Y. S., White, T. J. H., & Wazana, A. D. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00202-8 · Cited by 10
“The GUSTO study assessed prenatal maternal mental health via the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory 21 , the Beck Depression Inventory—II (ref.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Meades, R., & Ayers, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- ORCID
- Ayers, Susan
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114696206
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- perinatal anxiety, anxiety screening, psychometric validation, General Health Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Kessler K10, DASS-21, criterion validity, discriminant validity, perinatal women
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Weights and Measures, Reproducibility of Results, Postpartum Period
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