Psychosocial work factors, major depressive and generalised anxiety disorders: Results from the French national SIP study
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental disorders in working populations. The risk factors of these disorders are not completely well known. Developing knowledge on occupational risk factors for mental disorders appears crucial. This study investigates the association between various classical and emergent psychosocial work factors and major depressive and generalised anxiety disorders in the French working population.Methods The study was based on a national random sample of 3765 men and 3944 women of the French working population (SIP 2006 survey). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were measured using a standardised diagnostic interview (MINI). Occupational factors included psychosocial work factors as well as biomechanical, physical, and chemical exposures. Adjustment variables included age, occupation, marital status, social support, and life events. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis.Results Low decision latitude, overcommitment, and emotional demands were found to be risk factors for both MDD-GAD among both genders. Other risk factors were observed: high psychological demands, low reward, ethical conflict, and job insecurity, but differences were found according to gender and outcome. Significant interaction terms were observed suggesting that low decision latitude, high psychological demands, and job insecurity had stronger effects on mental disorders for men than for women.Limitations Given the cross-sectional study design, no causal conclusion could be drawn.Conclusions This study showed significant associations between classical and emergent psychosocial work factors and MDD-GAD. Preventive actions targeting various psychosocial work factors, including emergent factors, may help to reduce mental disorders at the workplace.
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Studies examining the association between shift work and major depressive disorder have produced varied results.
“Nonetheless, studies examining the association between shift work and MDD have produced varied results68–70.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
No association was reported between shift work and major depressive disorder in a French study.
“No association was reported between shift work and MDD in a French study69.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
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“The association between high anxiety levels and overcommitment we identified with Funeral Service Workers is consistent with several publications with cross-sectional designs on other working populations, such as Italian radiologists,(26) German students,(27) Israeli accountant interns,(28) or in a random sample of Fr…”
ResultJuurlink, T. T. (2021) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Niedhammer, I., Quatrevaux, M., & Bertrais, S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.157 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMalard, L., Chastang, J., & Niedhammer, I. (2017) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2017.04.056 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, W., Lee, J., Kim, U., Yoon, J., Choi, W.-J., Ham, S., Chung, E. K., & Kang, S. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001896 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Emotional Demand and Mental Health in Korean Employees
Kwon, S.-C., Kim, I., & Kim, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147312 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Talavera‐Velasco, B., Moreno, L., Martín‐García, J., & Díaz-Ramiro, E. M. (2017) · Ansiedad y Estrés · doi:10.1016/j.anyes.2017.05.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, T., Butterworth, P., Cooklin, A., Strazdins, L. M., & Leach, L. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-024-02672-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In this study, GAD was measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, which was developed from the DSM-IV criteria [ 26], however WFC was only measured by a single-item.”
Chevance, A., Daouda, O. S., Salvador, A., Légeron, P., Morvan, Y., Saporta, G., Hocine, M. N., & Raphaël Gaillard, B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233472 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Epidemiological studies have investigated the association between PSRFs and a range of common mental disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder or alcohol abuse [6,7].”
Kuzu, A., Barlas, G. Ü., & Onan, N. (2018) · Journal of Human Sciences · doi:10.14687/jhs.v15i3.5265 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluation of a mental health screening tool using cross-sectional surveys in a workplace setting
Xu, J., Willems, A., Li, V., Glozier, N., Batterham, P. J., Malone, V., Morris, R. W., & Rissel, C. E. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052155 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Quantifying work-related social inequalities in life expectancy: a methodological proof of concept
Ghoroubi, N., Terry, M. B., & Counil, É. (2024) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwae213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Köksal, K., & KÜRÜ, S. A. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07767-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kawada, T. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Depressão e esgotamento profissional em bancários
Valente, M. D. S. D. S. (2014) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2014.tde-26112014-123022 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yazdanirad, S., Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Sulaie, S. A., Cousins, R., Dehghani, M., Khodakhah, R., & Shabanitabar, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1437112 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gehanno, J.-F., Leroyer, A., Couvreur, M., Volkoff, S., & Rollin, L. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324244 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This is consistent with the data of the French working conditions survey which observed no evolution of the prevalence of job insecurity between 2006 and 2013 [25,26].”
Investigating the Association Between Work Family Conflict and Major Depression Disorder
Wang, T., Butterworth, P., Cooklin, A., Strazdins, L. M., & Leach, L. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003448 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Niedhammer, I., Sultan‐Taïeb, H., Taouk, Y., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2025) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaf188 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBest practice indicators in workplace mental health promotion: development and expert validation
Montes, C., Hernández, A., & Dopico‐Casal, C. (2025) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaf147 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Extensive research has found that adverse psychosocial working conditions can contribute to mental problems, including anxiety (Murcia et al .”
Impact of Working environment on Psychological Well-being in Male Baby boomers
Park, M.-J., & Kim, H.-S. (2016) · Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing · doi:10.5932/jkphn.2016.30.1.17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lee, S., Choi, J. Y., & Lee, W. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201404 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Similarly, in a previous study, psychosocial and physical work factors, including working conditions, were found to be more closely linked to mental health problems in female workers [38].”
藤田, 治. (2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Job Stress and Depressive Disorder Among Emotional Laborers in a City
Jang, J. H., Lee, Y., Lee, S. J., Yang, J.-C., Park, T. W., Park, J., & Sangkeun, C. (2020) · Anxiety and Mood · doi:10.24986/anxmod.2020.16.1.004
The Genetics of Amygdaloid Disorders
Shakil, M. A. (2021) · Neurology - Research & Surgery · doi:10.33425/2641-4333.1036
“K. Kroenke et al. applied GAD-7 scale, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition (DSM-Ⅳ), structured clinical interview for DSM (SCID), patient health questionnaire (PHQ), Hopkins symptom checklist (SCL), social phobia inventory (mini-SPIN), global anxiety, depression and pain severity score…”
BackgroundInfluentialCircadian Dysregulation: A Mainstream Mess of the Present World
Mehta, P., Kaur, G., Thakur, N., & Kaur, N. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54b33786
“Among the approximately 36,000 employees in Brazil, shift dark work was suggestivelyrelatedthrough MDD alonein the case of women, while it found no associationof night work with MDD in a study in France [52].”
BackgroundGeneral practitioners’ management of patients consulting for “mental distress at work”
Nivon, C., Fontana, L., Trombert‐Paviot, B., Bally, J.-N., & Pélissier, C. (2022) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-213633
Health: Time as a Resource for Health
Strazdins, L. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6337-5_2
Time: Thinking About Time—It’s Complicated
Strazdins, L. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6337-5_1
The Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development of Depression
Li, X. (2025) · Theoretical and Natural Science · doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2024.la19348
Blondino, C., Téllez, K. M., Pertel, N. L., Almazan, A. J., & Friedman, L. (2026) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107105
Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi, T. (2015) · doi:10.70675/fb591962z1218z4a47z84eezb9ae9b752b7b
- Authors
- Murcia, M., Chastang, J.-F., & Niedhammer, I.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Murcia, Marie
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 319-327
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050999303
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- psychosocial work factors, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, occupational mental disorders, job control, overcommitment, emotional demands, psychological demands, reward, ethical conflicts, job insecurity, gender differences, occupational risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Conflict, Psychological, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Work, Workplace
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