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Cited by 28Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

Risk factors for completed suicide in the general population: A prospective cohort study of 242, 952 people

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Nie, Jing, O'Neil, Adrienne, Liao, Bing, Lu, Chuntian, Aune, Dagfinn, Wang, Yafeng·2021·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.132
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Abstract

Background The estimated global burden of suicide is almost 1 million deaths per year, representing 57% of all violent deaths worldwide. In order to better identify at risk individuals and develop effective prevention strategies at the population level, a comprehensive understanding of the biological, psychological and social risk factors is required.Method Data from the National Health Interview Survey (1997- 2004) were analyzed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results During a mean 6.3 years of follow-up of 242, 952 people (1.56 million person-years), 180 deaths due to suicide occurred. Of 18 risk factors, eight revealed associations with suicide. Participants who had never been married (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.44-4.62), current smokers (HR, 2.26; 1.49-3.43), current drinkers (HR, 1.93; 1.14-3.27]), participants with serious psychological distress (HR, 3.34; 1.81-6.18), and a history of emphysema (HR, 2.79; 1.18-6.59), liver disease (HR, 4.63; 2.10-10.20), kidney disease (HR, 2.26; 1.00-5.06) and cancer (HR, 2.18; 1.32-3.59) were at increased risk of completed suicide.Limitations Due to the observational nature of this study, we cannot exclude the possibility of reverse or bi-directional causality.Conclusions This large, prospective cohort study identified a series of biopsychosocial risk factors that may have utility in suicide prevention.

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  • Prospective cohort studies of suicide mortality in the general population tend to report more conservative risks for sociodemographic factors, adverse life events, family history of mental disorder, and depression.

    “In contrast, prospective cohort studies of suicide mortality in the general population—which allow for a more reliable measurement of exposures—tend to report more conservative risks for sociodemographic factors, adverse life events, family history of mental disorder, and depression.26–28”

    From Risk factors for suicide in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological autopsy studies (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

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Authors
Nie, J., O'Neil, A., Liao, B., Lu, C., Aune, D., & Wang, Y.
Affiliations
  • Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
  • Deakin University (AU)
  • Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (CN)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • Wuhan University (CN)
Corresponding author
Wang, Yafeng
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
282
Pages
707-711
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.132
OpenAlex
W3114446158
Cited by
28
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7
FWCI
1.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Center for Health Statistics
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords
suicide mortality, suicide risk factors, biopsychosocial risk factors, never married, smoking, alcohol consumption, psychological distress, emphysema, liver disease, kidney disease, cancer, suicide prevention, general population
MeSH terms
Suicide, Completed, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models

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