Trends in college student mental health and help-seeking by race/ethnicity: Findings from the national Healthy Minds Study, 2013–2021
Open accessAbstract
Background A considerable gap in knowledge exists around mental health trends in diverse racial and ethnic adolescent and young adult populations. The purpose of this study is to examine annual trends for mental health and help-seeking by race/ethnicity in a national sample of college students. Methods Survey data come from >350,000 students at 373 campuses that participated in the Healthy Minds Study between 2013 and 2021. Analyses are descriptive in nature focusing on year-by-year prevalence and help-seeking rates for each racial/ethnic group. Results In 2020-2021, >60% of students met criteria for one or more mental health problems, a nearly 50% increase from 2013. Mental health worsened among all groups over the study period. American Indian/Alaskan Native students experienced the largest increases in depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and meeting criteria for one or more mental health problem. Students of color had the lowest rates of mental health service utilization. The highest annual rate of past-year treatment for Asian, Black, and Latinx students was at or below the lowest rate for White students. Although Arab American students experienced a 22% increase in prevalence, there was an 18% decrease in treatment. Limitations Response rates raise the potential of nonresponse bias. Sample weights adjust along known characteristics, but there may be differences on unobserved characteristics. Conclusions Findings have important implications for campus mental health programming and underscore the urgency of reducing mental health inequalities in college student populations through the identification and implementation of best practices both in clinical settings and through system-level change.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Psychological issues and physical health issues are associated with higher college dropout rates and lower success rates.
“Research has shown that psychological issues and physical health issues are associated with higher college dropout rates and lower success rates [5,13].”
From Relationships Between Physical Activity, Sleep, Psychological Well-Being, and Academic Performance Among Native American College Students (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
The Introduction (page not supplied) says mental health problems during college predict lower academic success and that depression is associated with a higher risk of dropping out or stopping out. It does not make the corresponding claim about physical health issues. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133 · see citing works
New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y · Cited by 4,980 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
Hooper, M. W., Nápoles, A. M., & Pérez‐Stable, E. J. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8598 · Cited by 2,047 · see citing works
Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2010) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x · Cited by 1,698 · see citing works
Treatment gap in mental health care.
Abramowitz, M. Z., Greenberg, D., & Levav, I. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 1,482 · see citing works
The treatment gap in mental health care.
(2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Monitoring Depression Treatment Outcomes With the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
L??we, B., Un??tzer, J., Callahan, C. M., Perkins, A. J., & Kroenke, K. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200412000-00006 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
Help-Seeking and Access to Mental Health Care in a University Student Population
Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Gollust, S. E. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e31803bb4c1 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health and Academic Success in College
Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Hunt, J. B. (2009) · The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy · doi:10.2202/1935-1682.2191 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Self-citationEisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2013) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31827ab077 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, F. Y., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00409.x · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Duffy, M. E., Twenge, J. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.04.033 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Mental Health Disparities Among College Students of Color
Lipson, S. K., Kern, A., Eisenberg, D., & Breland‐Noble, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.04.014 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Self-citationRecalibrating the use of race in medical research
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Powe, N. R., & Yancy, C. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0003 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Luck, A., MorganLuck, J. F., Reid, F., O’Brien, A. A., Brunton, J., Price, C., Perry, L., & Lacey, J. H. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7367.755 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Variations in Student Mental Health and Treatment Utilization Across US Colleges and Universities
Lipson, S. K., Gaddis, S. M., Heinze, J. E., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2015.1040411 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationCollege Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Nationwide Survey
Kim, H., Rackoff, G. N., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Shin, K. E., Zainal, N. H., Schwob, J. T., Eisenberg, D., Wilfley, D. E., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10241-5 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationGoodwill, J. R., & Zhou, S. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.019 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationHigher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research
(2021) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44007-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Susceptibility of Southwestern American Indian Tribes to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Kąkol, M., Upson, D. J., & Sood, A. (2020) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12451 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health Treatment in an Ethnoracially Diverse College Student Sample
Herman, S., Archambeau, O. G., Deliramich, A. N., Kim, B. S. K., Chiu, P. H., & Frueh, B. C. (2011) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.529625 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Hahm, H. C., Hall, C. D. X., Garcia, K. T., Cavallino, A., Ha, Y., Cozier, Y. C., & Liu, C. H. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11559-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zhou, S., Banawa, R. A., & Oh, H. Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708426 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationAbelson, S., Lipson, S. K., & Eisenberg, D. (2022) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76660-3_6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationMiller, M. J., Keum, B. T., Thai, C. J., Lu, Y., Truong, N. N., Huh, G. A., Li, X., Yeung, J. G., & Ahn, L. H. (2018) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000306 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Abelson, S., Lipson, S. K., & Eisenberg, D. (2021) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66959-1_6-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Huang, K., Beckman, E. M., Ng, N., Dingle, G. A., Han, R., James, K. E., WINKLER, E. A. H., Stylianou, M., & Gomersall, S. R. (2024) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daae054 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Duraku, Z. H., Davis, H., & Hamiti, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1220614 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Liu, M., Liu, H., Qin, Z., Tao, Y., Ye, W., & Liu, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396795 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bardosh, K., Krug, A., Jamrozik, E., Lemmens, T., Keshavjee, S. A., Prasad, V. K., Makary, M., Baral, S., & Høeg, T. B. (2022) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2022-108449 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mental health and wellbeing of undergraduate students in engineering: A systematic literature review
Asghar, M., Minichiello, A., & Ahmed, S. (2023) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20574 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Efstathiou, M., Kakaidi, V., Tsitsas, G. D., Mantzoukas, S., Gouva, M., & Dragioti, E. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.104993 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Logan, A. C., Berman, B., & Prescott, S. L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065065 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pei, J., Amanvermez, Y., Vigo, D., Puyat, J. H., Kessler, R. C., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Rankin, O., Chua, S. N., Martínez, V., et al. (2024) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20230414 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Qiu, W., Huang, C., Xiao, H., Nie, Y., Ma, W., Zhou, F., & Liu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1557347 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Taylor, M. E., Liu, M., Abelson, S., Eisenberg, D., Lipson, S. K., & Schueller, S. M. (2024) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-024-01545-w · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationZhai, Y., Zhang, Y., Chu, Z., Geng, B., Almaawali, M. S., Fulmer, R., Lin, Y.-W. D., Xu, Z., Daniels, A. D., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Lipson, S. K., Diaz, Y., Davis, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2023) · Cogent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28324765.2023.2220358 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationHow university blue and green space affect students’ mental health: A scoping review
Aghabozorgi, K., van der Jagt, A., Bell, S., & Smith, H. C. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128394 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Bantjes, J. R., Hunt, X., & Stein, D. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064859 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Yan, L., He, M., Zhou, W., Zhang, M., Wáng, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, L., & Guo, H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21856-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhai, Y., & Du, X. Y. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114796 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rasouli, S., Ghafurian, M., Nilsen, E. S., & Dautenhahn, K. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108072 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rackoff, G. N., Zhang, Z. Z., & Newman, M. G. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241313401 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Giovenco, D., Shook‐Sa, B. E., Hutson, B., Buchanan, L., Fisher, E. B., & Pettifor, A. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279485 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Predicting stress in first-year college students using sleep data from wearable devices
Bloomfield, L. S. P., Fudolig, M. I., Kim, J. N., Llorin, J., Lovato, J. L., McGinnis, E. W., McGinnis, R. S., Price, M., Ricketts, T. H., Dodds, P. S., et al. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000473 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The effect of social media use on mental health of college students during the pandemic
Fruehwirth, J. C., Weng, A. X., & Perreira, K. M. (2024) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4871 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hu, Y., & Liu, B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18352-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Trends of mental health care utilization among US adults from 1999 to 2018
Wang, J., Qiu, Y., & Zhu, X. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05156-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Peterson, M. N., Larson, L. R., Hipp, J. A., Beall, J. M., Lerose, C. S., Desrochers, H. R., Lauder, S., Torres, S., Tarr, N. M., Stukes, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102306 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Liu, L., Xin, X., Wang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1612408 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Altavini, C. S., Asciutti, A. P. R., Santana, G. L., Solis, A. C. D. O., Andrade, L. H., de Oliveira, L. G., de Andrade, A. G., Gorenstein, C., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.112 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Interventions to support the mental health and wellbeing of engineering students: a scoping review
Tait, J. E., Alexander, L., Hancock, E., & Bisset, J. (2023) · European Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1080/03043797.2023.2217658 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nie, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., & Kirkwood, N. G. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17952-w · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Duraku, Z. H., Davis, H., Blakaj, A., Seferi, A. A., Mullaj, K., & Greiçevci, V. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434389 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Psychological Symptoms and Academic Dropout in Higher Education: A Six-Year Cohort Study
Trusty, W. T., Scofield, B. E., Christensen, A. E., White, T. D., Murphy, Y. E., Janis, R. A., Tan, H., Hernandez, N. M., & Hochstedt, K. (2025) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2024.2444883 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
COVID-19 and campus users: A longitudinal and place-based study of university mobilities in Texas
Song, Y. H., Lee, C., Tao, Z., Lee, R. J., Newman, G., Ding, Y., Jessica, F., & Sohn, W. (2023) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104656 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Weight Stigma Associated With Mental Health Concerns Among College Students
Sonneville, K. R., Thurston, I. B., Gordon, A. R., Richmond, T. K., Weeks, H. M., & Lipson, S. K. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.021 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, Y., Ke, X., Liu, J., Du, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, X. J., Zhou, T., & Xiao, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387983 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hardy, R., West, H., & Fisher, P. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22521-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Declining Life Satisfaction and Happiness Among Young Adults in Six English-speaking Countries
Twenge, J. M., & Blanchflower, D. G. (2025) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w33490 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bennett, J., Heron, J., Kidger, J., & Linton, M.-J. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13121175 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Freibott, C. E., Stein, M. D., & Lipson, S. K. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100060 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMacaranas, A. R., ElTohamy, A., Hyun, S., Chae, D. H., Stevens, C., Chen, J. A., & Liu, C. H. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
de Carvalho, F. N., & Krueger, J. W. (2023) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2023.2237065 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Malik, S., Bessaha, M. L., Scarbrough, K. H., Younger, J., & Hou, W. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086817 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Stockinger, K., Dresel, M., Marsh, H. W., & Pekrun, R. H. (2025) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102089 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hoeflich, C. C., Nutley, S. K., Striley, C. W., Miller, L., Riba, M., & Morris, M. R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.133 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gordon, A. R., Beccia, A. L., Egan, N., & Lipson, S. K. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24089 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationBennett, J., Kidger, J., Haworth, C. M. A., Linton, M.-J., & Gunnell, D. (2024) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2024.2335379 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhai, Y., & Du, X. Y. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13874 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jehi, T., Mulvey, M., Shulgan, E., Burke, E., Dean, M., Betancourt, J., Carliss, G., Khan, R. K., Majzoub, N., Halawani, R., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2023.2296943 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Shu, J., Chen, Z., Zhong, B., Ding, Z., Tang, S., Sun, Z., Gao, Y., Zhou, H., Cao, G., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2835 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Villegas-Frei, M. G., Jubin, J., Bucher, C. O., & Bachmann, A. O. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17692-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Russell, E. C., Abidogun, T. M., Lindley, L. L., & Griffin, K. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1442773 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Li, J., Zhou, Z., Hao, S., & Zang, L. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05688-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhai, Y., Xiong, Y., Almaawali, M. S., Tian, X., & Du, X. Y. (2025) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2025-102124 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
DeBate, R. D., Gatto, A., Rafal, G., & Bleck, J. R. (2022) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-022-00028-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., & Li, J. (2023) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128088 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Liu, J. Y., Chen, S., Zheng, C., Zou, X., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.035 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Boyd, D. T., Quinn, C. R., Durkee, M. I., Williams, E. G., Constant, A. S., Washington, D. M., Butler‐Barnes, S. T., & Ewing, A. P. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19519-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Food Insecurity and Substance Use Among Young Adult College Students in the United States
Oh, H. Y., Smith, L., Jacob, L., Du, J., Shin, J. I., Zhou, S., & Koyanagi, A. (2022) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000001062 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFruehwirth, J. C., Huang, L., Tompson, C. E., & Perreira, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.026 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rastogi, R., Woolverton, G. A., Stevens, C., Chen, J. A., & Liu, C. H. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115825 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Among U.S. College Students
Doren, N. V., Zhu, Y., Vázquez, M. M., Shah, J., Grammer, A. C., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Eisenberg, D., Wilfley, D. E., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2024) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20230185 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationDiest, A. P.-V., Mortier, P., Ballester, L., Amigo, F., Carrasco, P., Falcó, R., Gili, M., Kiekens, G., Machancoses, F. H., Piqueras, J. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/55712 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Medical Mistrust and Willingness to Use Mental Health Services Among a Cohort of Black Adults
Pederson, A. B., McLaughlin, C., Hawkins, D., Jain, F. A., Anglin, D. M., Yeung, A., & Tsai, A. C. (2025) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20240016 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gere, B., & Salimi, N. (2025) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883251318214 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fetter, A. K., & Thompson, M. N. (2023) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000686 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Huang, X., Zhou, Y., Yang, R., Li, D., Hu, J., Xue, Y., Wan, Y., Fang, J. Q., & Zhang, S. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16326-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Declining Youth Well-being in 167 UN Countries. Does Survey Mode, or Question Matter?
Blanchflower, D. G. (2025) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w33415 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Malagodi, F., Findon, J. L., Gardner, B., & Dommett, E. J. (2025) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2025.2566914 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jie, Y., Jiang, Y., & Saunders, T. R. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2258409 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The challenges of mental health in Chilean university students
Valenzuela, F. E. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1297402 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mental health disparities among sexual and gender minority students in higher education
Pagliaccio, D. (2024) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2024.2404944 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ramirez, A., Rivera, D. B., Valadez, A. M., Mattis, S., & Cerezo, A. (2023) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/00915521231163929 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Broglia, E., & Barkham, M. (2024) · Cogent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28324765.2023.2301339 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Whitwer, M. D., Wilson, S., Hammer, J. H., & Gomer, B. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20629 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
McKenzie, C. S., Farmer, A. Y. R., & Chear, C. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2177819 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychotherapy utilization by United States college students
Rackoff, G. N., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Taylor, C. B., Eisenberg, D., Wilfley, D. E., & Newman, M. G. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2225630 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMelnyk, B. M. (2023) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2023.102058 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Harry, D. T., Crawford, A., Pamintuan, C., Singh, A., Thomas, D., Cooke, N. K., Oliver, C., Gordy, C. L., & Lubischer, J. L. (2024) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.24-02-0055 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Stress, mental symptoms and well-being in students: a gender analysis
del-Pino-Espejo, M.-J., & Aznar, M. P. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1492324 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Deardorff, J., Rauch, S. A., Kogut, K. R., & Eskenazi, B. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Trends in U.S. self-reported health and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hooper, M. A., Reinhart, M., Dusetzina, S. B., Walsh, C. G., & Griffith, K. N. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291667 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evaluating the use of biblio-poetry therapy to improve resilience in undergraduates
Stanley, N. V., Stanley, L., & Nguyen, K. (2024) · Journal of Poetry Therapy · doi:10.1080/08893675.2024.2413598 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tineo, P., Bixter, M. T., Polanco-Roman, L. A., Grapin, S. L., Taveras, L., & Reyes‐Portillo, J. A. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117192 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zanon, C., Zhao, N., Topkaya, N., Şahin, E., Vogel, D. L., Ertl, M. M., Sanatkar, S., Liao, H.-Y., Rubin, M., Baptista, M. N., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Testing · doi:10.1080/15305058.2025.2489359 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Manzar, M. D., Mohammed, S., Nureye, D., Kashoo, F. Z., Noohu, M. M., Alotaibi, J. S., Alamri, M. S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325238 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Walker, D. O. H., Rabelo, V. C., Stewart, O. J., & Herbert, D. N. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2185454 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
AI Detection's High False Positive Rates and the Psychological and Material Impacts on Students
Gegg-Harrison, W. M., & Quarterman, C. (2024) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0240-8.ch011 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Susman, E. S., Chen, S., Kring, A. M., & Harvey, A. G. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104498 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hrdy, M., Tarver, E., Lei, C., Moss, H. C., Wong, A. H.-W., Moadel, T., Beattie, L. K., Lamberta, M., Cohen, S. B., Cassara, M., et al. (2024) · AEM Education and Training · doi:10.1002/aet2.10981 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Verdugo, J. L., Kong, Z., Liyanage, D. S. S., Keum, B. T., Moody, M. D., & Oh, H. Y. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.082 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
LaMontagne, L. G., Doty, J. L., Diehl, D. C., Nesbit, T. S., Gage, N. A., Kumbkarni, N., & Leon, S. P. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Navarro, A., Armenta, R. F., & Rice, M. M. (2025) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.24-09-0226 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Craig, F., Colella, G. M., Tenuta, F., Mauti, M., Gravina, A., Calomino, M. L., Plastina, R., Polito, A., & Costabile, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1602009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Barbosa, B. C. R., de Menezes-Júnior, L. A. A., Fróis, L. F., Vidigal, M. C. A., de Paula, W., Chagas, C. M. D. S., Machado, E. L., Nobre, L. N., de Freitas, E. D., Vidigal, F. D. C., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23523-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dougall, I., Vasiljevic, M., Kutlaca, M., & Weick, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292842 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fenton, M. P., Seegulam, V. L., Antoine, J., Pham, T. N., Morris, M. R., Boren, S., & Striley, C. W. (2024) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2024.2382426 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oh, H. Y., Jacob, L., Soffer‐Dudek, N., Shin, J. I., Smith, L., Besecker, M., Leaune, É., & Pickering, T. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309020 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Slotnick, M. J., Ansari, S., Parnarouskis, L., Gearhardt, A. N., Wolfson, J. A., & Leung, C. W. (2023) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171231224102 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chang, A. R., Rastogi, R., Woolverton, G. A., Chen, J. A., Stevens, C., Reisner, S. L., & Liu, C. H. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116173 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Striley, C. W., Nutley, S. K., & Hoeflich, C. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.911136 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The role of personal identity as a resource for college students during COVID-19
Schwartz, S. J., Ertanir, B., Harkness, A., Zamboanga, B. L., Bessaha, M. L., Bartholomew, J. B., Meca, A., Michikyan, M., Duque, M., Montero‐Zamora, P., et al. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2214244 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aquino-Malabanan, M. G. (2026) · International Journal of Behavioral and Social Analytics · doi:10.65166/fvqyqy91 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lipson, S. K., Zhou, S., Abelson, S., Heinze, J., Jirsa, M., Morigney, J., Patterson, A., Singh, M., & Eisenberg, D.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Eastern Michigan University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lipson, Sarah Ketchen
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 306
- Pages
- 138-147
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8995361
- OpenAlex
- W4220856280
- Cited by
- 877
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 248 · 2025: 260 · 2024: 226 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 21
- FWCI
- 148.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 294 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- William T Grant Foundation Inc
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- college student mental health, help-seeking, racial and ethnic disparities, mental health trends, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, mental health service utilization, Healthy Minds Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Ethnicity, Humans, Mental Health, Students, United States, Universities, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
