Maternal postnatal bonding disorder and emotional/behavioral problems in preschool children: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
Background Although there is evidence that maternal perinatal mental disorders are associated with emotional/behavioral problems in children, the long-term impacts of postnatal bonding disorder remain unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal postnatal bonding disorder and emotional/behavioral problems in preschool children. Methods We analyzed data from 7220 mother-child pairs who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Maternal bonding disorder was defined as Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale score ≥5 at 1 month after delivery. The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5 was used to assess emotional/behavioral problems, and its subscales were used to assess internalizing and externalizing problems in children at 4 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of postnatal bonding disorder with emotional/behavioral, internalizing, and externalizing problems after adjustment for age, education, income, parity, prenatal psychological distress, postnatal depressive symptoms, child's sex, preterm birth, and birth defects. Results The prevalence of postnatal bonding disorder was 14.8 %. Postnatal bonding disorder was associated with an increased risk of emotional/behavioral problems in children: the odds ratio (OR) was 2.06 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.72-2.46). Postnatal bonding disorder was also associated with increased risks of internalizing problems and externalizing problems in children: the ORs were 1.69 (95 % CI, 1.42-2.02) and 1.90 (95 % CI, 1.59-2.26), respectively. Limitations Bonding and problems were self-reported. Conclusions Bonding disorder at 1 month after delivery was associated with an increased risk of emotional/behavioral problems in children at 4 years of age.
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One study conducted in Japan found that, in the context of parental psychopathology, feelings of anger, lack of affection, and rejection towards infants led to childhood emotional and behavioral problems.
“One study conducted in Japan found that, in the context of parental psychopathology, feelings of anger, lack of affection, and rejection towards infants, led to childhood emotional and behavioral problems [21].”
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Gulbicki, L. R., Fertig, M. R., Githaiga, J. N., Gwangqa, L., Kabel, K. E., Lee, J. H., Knight, L., O’Cleirigh, C., Psaros, C., & Stanton, A. M. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09006-3
- Authors
- Murakami, K., Ishikuro, M., Obara, T., Noda, A., Ueno, F., Onuma, T., Matsuzaki, F., Takahashi, I., Kikuchi, S., Kobayashi, N., Hamada, H., Iwama, N., Metoki, H., Kikuya, M., Saito, M., Sugawara, J., Tomita, H., Yaegashi, N., & Kuriyama, S.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Murakami, Keiko
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 325
- Pages
- 582-587
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4316039111
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 325 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP17km0105001, JP21tm0124005)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (21K10490)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- mother-infant bonding, emotional and behavioral problems, preschool children, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, perinatal mental disorders, maternal depression, Tohoku Medical Megabank Project, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Problem Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mothers, Pregnancy, Cohort Studies, Premature Birth
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