The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from a Study in Selected Central American Countries
Abstract
Purpose To identify the prevalence of substance use and problems with use, and risk and protective factors at different levels of the adolescent's ecology associated with substance use among adolescents in selected Central American countries.Methods Results of a survey of 17,215 students from Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala conducted in 2000-2001 served as the basis for the analyses. Lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and five other drugs (inhalants, tranquilizers, cocaine, crack, and ecstasy), and problems with drugs and alcohol were the outcome variables. Risk factors included dysregulation, family problems with drugs/alcohol, negative family interactions, school disengagement, peer deviance, and exposure to community violence. Protective factors included a personal belief in God, positive family interactions, parent religiosity, and positive student-teacher interaction. Both hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to model main and interaction effects of risk and protective factors.Results There was a linear association between number of risk and protective factors and substance use, however, risk factors were more strongly associated with substance use than were protective factors. There were significant risk-by-protective-factor interactions for alcohol and marijuana use, and for problems with drugs and alcohol. Risk interacted most consistently with a personal belief in God, but also with parent religiosity and with student-teacher communication.Conclusions It is important to consider risk and protective factors at different levels of an adolescent's ecology. Prevention and intervention efforts should focus on interactions adolescents have in different microsystems (e.g., with parents, teachers, and peers).
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“Of the 145 studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships [206–221] and only one study found a positive relationship [222].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [215]
In the citing paper
“If we set aside Strine et al.'s 7,279 participants and focus on the findings from the six studies that reported similar age ranges (Kaufman et al., 2007; Kliewer & Murrelle, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2011; Zinzow et al., 2009) and the data from their 31,034 participants, collectively, these large, representative sample correlational and retrospective studies provide strong evidence”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Kliewer & Murrelle, 2007
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0003 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0013
Koh, H. K. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0006
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0028
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0022
Studies on Religion and Health
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.005.0001
Demand-withdraw interaction in family therapy for adolescent drug abuse
Rynes, K. N. (2010) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Adewuya, A. O., & Wright, O. (2026) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2026.2629000
Mizuno, S., Inoura, S., Kitamura, M., Matsumoto, T., Kitagaki, K., Koide, A., Takehara, K., & Shimane, T. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70324
Metadata
- Authors
- Kliewer, W., & Murrelle, L.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kliewer, Wendy
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 448-455
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035529961
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Keywords
- adolescent substance use, risk factors, protective factors, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, tobacco use, drug use problems, family dysfunction, peer deviance, community violence exposure, religiosity, student-teacher interaction, school disengagement, Central America, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Marijuana Abuse, Central America, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cultural Characteristics, Developing Countries, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Primary Prevention, Probability, Regression Analysis, Religion, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Substance-Related Disorders
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