The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trazodone Improves Sleep Parameters in Alzheimer Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study
Abstract
Objectives There are no randomized clinical trials regarding efficacy of trazodone in the treatment of sleep disturbances (SD) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). We tested the efficacy and safety of trazodone to treat SD in patients with AD. Design We conducted a double-blind, randomized and controlled trial during periods of 7-9 days at baseline and 2 weeks of treatment. Setting Geriatric medical center of the university's general hospital. Participants Individuals with probable AD and SD. The complete analysis comprised 30 patients assigned to either the active treatment group (N = 15) or the placebo group (N = 15). Intervention Patients received 50 mg of trazodone once daily at 10:00 P.M. or placebo in a 1:1 ratio for 2 weeks. Measurements Patients were evaluated using actigraphy and structured scales before and after intervention. Results Compared with the placebo group, trazodone users slept 42.5 more minutes per night and had their nighttime percent sleep increased 8.5 percentage points according to actigraphic data post-treatment. Neither trazodone nor placebo induced significant daytime sleepiness or naps. The treatments with trazodone or placebo did not show any effects either on cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, forward/backward digit span task, letter-number sequencing, arithmetic, digit symbol-coding, and symbol search) or functionality (Katz index). There were no differences in frequency or severity rating of adverse events between the groups. Concl…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the second trazodone trial, trazodone demonstrated no significant effect on cognitive function.
“In the second trial, trazodone increased sleep duration compared to placebo but demonstrated no significant effect on cognitive function. 32”
From Critical evaluation of real‐world evidence of repurposable medicines in the Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline using a target trial emulation (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
In the second trazodone trial, trazodone increased sleep duration compared to placebo.
“In the second trial, trazodone increased sleep duration compared to placebo but demonstrated no significant effect on cognitive function. 32”
From Critical evaluation of real‐world evidence of repurposable medicines in the Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline using a target trial emulation (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
There were no cognitive side effects or daytime somnolence after a 2-week intervention period with trazodone in patients with AD.
“Furthermore, there were no cognitive side effects or daytime somnolence after a 2-week intervention period, thus diminishing concerns for possible cholinergic, 𝛂 -adrenergic, or histaminergic antagonistic effects in sleep-promoting doses [12, 13].”
From Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Trazodone increased total sleep time by 42.5 minutes on actigraphy in patients with AD.
“While melatonin, ramelteon, or mirtazapine use did not produce significant improvement on sleep measures, trazodone, previously shown to enhance SWS by 50-56% on polysomnography in younger and older adults [10, 11], increased total sleep time by 42.5 minutes on actigraphy in patients with AD [12, 13].”
From Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
SWS enhancement achieved through trazodone is well-established.
“the well-established SWS enhancement achieved through trazodone [12, 15]”
From Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568
Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits
Glass, J., Lanctôt, K. L., Herrmann, N., Sproule, B. A., & Busto, U. E. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38623.768588.47 · Cited by 1,161
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- Vitiello, 2001, Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment, CNS Drugs, 15, 777, 10.2165/00023210-200115100-00004 · DOI
- Hope, 1998, Predictors of institutionalization for people with dementia living at home with a carer, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 13, 682, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(1998100)13:10<682::AID-GPS847>3.0.CO;2-Y · DOI
- Ancoli-Israel, 1994, Sleep in non-institutionalized Alzheimer's disease patients, Aging (Milano), 6, 451
- McCurry, 2011, Increasing walking and bright light exposure to improve sleep in community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized, controlled trial, J Am Geriatr Soc, 59, 1393, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03519.x · DOI
- McCurry, 2005, Nighttime insomnia treatment and education for Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, controlled trial, J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, 793, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53252.x · DOI
- Camargos, 2013, Wrist actigraphy for measuring sleep in intervention studies with Alzheimer's disease patients: application, usefulness, and challenges, Sleep Med Rev, 18, 475, 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.01.006 · DOI
- Camargos, 2012, Mianserin for the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with dementia: a retrospective open-label study, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 32, 576, 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31825ddf3d · DOI
- Camargos, 2011, Trazodone for the treatment of sleep disorders in dementia: an open-label, observational and review study, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 69, 44, 10.1590/S0004-282X2011000100010 · DOI
- National Institutes of Health State of the Science, 2005, Conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults, June 13–15, 2005, Sleep, 28, 1049
- Bossini, 2012, Off-label uses of trazodone: a review, Expert Opin Pharmacother, 13, 1707, 10.1517/14656566.2012.699523 · DOI
- James, 2004, The use of trazodone as a hypnotic: a critical review, J Clin Psychiatry, 65, 752, 10.4088/JCP.v65n0605 · DOI
- Ancoli-Israel, 1997, Use of wrist activity for monitoring sleep/wake in demented nursing-home patients, Sleep, 20, 24, 10.1093/sleep/20.1.24 · DOI
- Morgenthaler, 2007, Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the assessment of sleep and sleep disorders: an update for 2007, Sleep, 30, 519, 10.1093/sleep/30.4.519 · DOI · Paper page
- McKhann, 1984, Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease, Neurology, 34, 939, 10.1212/WNL.34.7.939 · DOI · Paper page
- Folstein, 1975, “Mini–mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician, J Psychiatr Res, 12, 189, 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Rosen, 1980, Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias, Ann Neurol, 7, 486, 10.1002/ana.410070516 · DOI
- Yesavage, 2003, Development of diagnostic criteria for defining sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease, J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 16, 131, 10.1177/0891988703255684 · DOI
- Katz, 1983, Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living, J Am Geriatr Soc, 31, 721, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x · DOI
- Alexopoulos, 1988, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Biol Psychiatry, 23, 271, 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90038-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Hughes, 1982, A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia, Br J Psychiatry, 140, 566, 10.1192/bjp.140.6.566 · DOI · Paper page
- Stahl, 2009, Mechanism of action of trazodone: a multifunctional drug, CNS Spectr, 14, 536, 10.1017/S1092852900024020 · DOI
- Singer, 2003, A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of melatonin for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease, Sleep, 26, 893, 10.1093/sleep/26.7.893 · DOI · Paper page
- McCarten, 1995, Triazolam in Alzheimer's disease: pilot study on sleep and memory effects, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 52, 447, 10.1016/0091-3057(95)00116-E · DOI
- Savaskan, 2006, Treatment of behavioural, cognitive and circadian rest–activity cycle disturbances in Alzheimer's disease: haloperidol vs. quetiapine, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 9, 507, 10.1017/S1461145705006036 · DOI
- Kaynak, 2004, The effects of trazodone on sleep in patients treated with stimulant antidepressants, Sleep Med, 5, 15, 10.1016/j.sleep.2003.06.006 · DOI
- Roth, 2011, Cognitive, psychomotor and polysomnographic effects of trazodone in primary insomniacs, J Sleep Res, 20, 552, 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00928.x · DOI
- Saletu-Zyhlarz, 2002, Insomnia in depression: differences in objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality to normal controls and acute effects of trazodone, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 26, 249, 10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00262-7 · DOI
- McCurry, 2006, Factors associated with caregiver reports of sleep disturbances in persons with dementia, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, 112, 10.1097/01.JGP.0000192499.25940.da · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wilson, S., Anderson, K., Baldwin, D., Dijk, D.-J., Espie, A., Espie, C., Gringras, P., Krystal, A., Nutt, D., Selsick, H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119855343 · Cited by 312
Circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegeneration
Shen, Y., Lv, Q.-K., Xie, W.-Y., Gong, S.-Y., Zhuang, S., Liu, J.-Y., Mao, C.-J., & Liu, C.-F. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00340-6 · Cited by 171
The sleep–wake Cycle and Alzheimer’s Disease: What do We know?
Lim, M. M., Gerstner, J. R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2014) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.14.33 · Cited by 168
Neurodegenerative Disorders and Sleep
Malhotra, R. K. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.09.006 · Cited by 127
Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers
La, A. L., Walsh, C. M., Neylan, T. C., Vossel, K. A., Yaffe, K., Krystal, A. D., Miller, B. L., & Karageorgiou, E. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181145 · Cited by 83
Central and peripheral circadian clocks and their role in Alzheimer's disease
Chauhan, R., Chen, K.-F., Kent, B. A., & Crowther, D. C. (2017) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.030627 · Cited by 58
“…effects, including excessive daytime sleepiness, anticholinergic effects, such as D is ea se M o d el s & M ec h an is m s mouth dryness and urinary retention, and, in the case of antipsychotics, increased mortality (Camargos et al., 2011, 2012, 2014; Kales et al., 2012; McCleery et al., 2016).”
BackgroundBronskill, S. E., Campitelli, M. A., Iaboni, A., Herrmann, N., Guan, J., Maclagan, L. C., Watt, J., Rochon, P. A., Morris, A. M., Jeffs, L., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15519 · Cited by 54
Pirker-Kees, A., Dal-Bianco, P., & Schmidt, R. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181102 · Cited by 17
Sommerlad, A., Werbeloff, N., Perera, G., Smith, T., Costello, H., Mueller, C., Kormilitzin, A., Broadbent, M., Nevado‐Holgado, A., Lovestone, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5625 · Cited by 14
Tonegawa‐Kuji, R., Karavani, E., Danziger, M., Zhang, P., Hou, Y., Zhou, Y., Bykova, M., Pieper, A. A., Rosen‐Zvi, M., Cummings, J., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.70193 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Camargos, E. F., Louzada, L. L., Quintas, J. L., Naves, J. O. S., Louzada, F. M., & Nóbrega, O. T.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Camargos, Einstein F.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1565-1574
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054393069
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- CNPq (#550315/2008-0, #310157/2012-9)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- trazodone, Alzheimer's disease, sleep disorders, sleep duration, nocturnal sleep, actigraphy, daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, functional independence, adverse events, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Trazodone, Comorbidity, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Actigraphy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
