Screening of anti-microbial, anti-biofilm activity, and cytotoxicity analysis of a designed polyherbal formulation against shigellosis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Shigellosis is an infectious intestinal disease common in rural communities. In developing countries, shigellosis is caused predominantly by Shigella flexneri and has been determined as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates the anti-biofilm, anti-microbial, and anti-shigellosis activity of a designed formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The potential of the formulation against S. flexneri (MTCC 1457) was investigated using a well-diffusion assay. Further, the effect of the designed formulation on bacterial growth and biofilm formation was analyzed by the spectrophotometry method. Anti-quorum sensing activity was analyzed using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, a bacterial strain. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the formulation was examined by using cell line and brine shrimp lethality assay. RESULTS: concentration (did not significantly affect the growth curves) and was found non-toxic in cell assay and brine shrimp lethality assay. CONCLUSION: According to the result obtained, the designed formulation was found effective and non-toxic, so it can be used to treat shigellosis and Shigella-related infections.
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The main mechanisms of action of probiotics include advancement of the epithelial barrier, increased adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, production of antibacterial substances, competitive exclusion of pathogens, simultaneous suppression of bacterial adhesion, and modulation of the immune system.
“According to data in the literature, the advancement of the epithelial barrier, increased adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, production of antibacterial substances, competitive exclusion of pathogens, simultaneous suppression of bacterial adhesion, and modulation of the immune system are some of the main mechanisms of action of probiotics [87,88,89,90,91] (Figure 1).”
From The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties
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- Authors
- Singh, D., Sharma, D., & Agarwal, V.
- Affiliations
- Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (IN)
- National Institute of Technology Raipur (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Agarwal, Vishnu
- Venue
- Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 601-606
- ISSN
- 0975-9476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8642668
- OpenAlex
- W3212496274
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Indian Council of Medical Research (AMR/ADHOC/184/2019-ECD-II)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- shigellosis, Shigella flexneri, polyherbal formulation, antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity, anti-quorum sensing activity, cytotoxicity, brine shrimp lethality test, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Ayurveda
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