The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inequalities in dementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Reducing racial/ethnic disparities is a primary objective of the National Alzheimer's Plan (NAPA), yet direct comparisons within large samples representing diversity of the United States are lacking. Methods: Dementia incidence from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013 and a 25‐year cumulative risk in 274,283 health care members aged 64+ (n = 18,778 African‐American, n = 4543 American Indian/Alaska Native [AIAN], n = 21,000 Latino, n = 440 Pacific Islander, n = 206,490 white, n = 23,032 Asian‐Americans). Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for age, sex, medical utilization, and comorbidities. Results: Dementia incidence (n = 59,555) was highest for African‐Americans (26.6/1000 person‐years) and AIANs (22.2/1000 person‐years); intermediate for Latinos (19.6/1000 person‐years), Pacific Islanders (19.6/1000 person‐years), and whites (19.3/1000 person‐years) and lowest among Asian‐Americans (15.2/1000 person‐years). Risk was 65% greater for African‐Americans (hazard ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.58–1.72) versus Asian‐Americans. Cumulative 25‐year risk at age 65 was as follows: 38% African‐Americans, 35% AIANs, 32% Latino, 25% Pacific Islanders, 30% white, and 28% Asian‐Americans. Discussion: Dementia rates varied over 60% between groups, providing a comprehensive benchmark for the NAPA goal of reducing disparities.
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“Its findings indicated that dementia incidence — determined by the first presence of a dementia diagnosis in members’ medical records — was highest among African American older adults (the term used in the study for those who self‐reported as Black or African‐American); intermediate for Latino older adults (the term used in the study for those who self‐reported as Latino or Hispanic), American”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [347]
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Cites
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Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
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“Dementia risk is reported to be up to twice as high for African-Americans compared with whites [5,12–15].”
Background2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003 · Cited by 1,684
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“The member population is generally representative of the overall regional population, but underrepresents individuals at extreme tails of the income distribution [20–22].”
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“Prior studies have demonstrated that associations between midlife vascular risk factors and late-life dementia risk are stronger than associations for vascular risk factors measured in late-life [26,40–42].”
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“Dementia case identification using ICD-9 codes has been used successfully in other publications in this population [24–27].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Liu, K. Y., Costafreda, S. G., Selbæk, G., Alladi, S., Ames, D., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Brayne, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01296-0 · Cited by 3,860
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.
Alzheimer's Association (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010 · Cited by 2,461
2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12068 · Cited by 2,353
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayeda, E. R., Glymour, M. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & Whitmer, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whitmer, Rachel A.
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-02-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 216-224
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC4969071
- OpenAlex
- W2266863819
- Cited by
- 883
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 41.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- dementia incidence, racial and ethnic disparities
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Delivery of Health Care, Dementia, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Indians, North American, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, White People
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