CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 218Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthDiet and metabolism studiesNutritional Studies and Diet

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparison of Effects of Long-Term Low-Fat vs High-Fat Diets on Blood Lipid Levels in Overweight or Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Schwingshackl, Lukas, Hoffmann, Georg·2013·Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.010
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Dietary fat plays an important role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but long-term (≥12 months) effects of different percentages of fat in the diet on blood lipid levels remain to be established. Our systematic review and meta-analysis focused on randomized controlled trials assessing the long-term effects of low-fat diets compared with diets with high amounts of fat on blood lipid levels. Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Trial Register until March 2013. Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Decreases in total cholesterol (weighted mean difference -4.55 mg/dL [-0.12 mmol/L], 95% CI -8.03 to -1.07; P=0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (weighted mean difference -3.11 mg/dL [-0.08 mmol/L], 95% CI -4.51 to -1.71; P<0.0001) were significantly more pronounced following low-fat diets, whereas rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (weighted mean difference 2.35 mg/dL [0.06 mmol/L], 95% CI 1.29 to 3.42; P<0.0001) and reduction in triglyceride levels (weighted mean difference -8.38 mg/dL [-0.095 mmol/L], 95% CI -13.50 to -3.25; P=0.001) were more distinct in the high-fat diet groups. Including only hypocaloric diets, the effects of low-fat vs high-fat diets on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were abolished. Meta-regression revealed that lower total cholesterol level was associated with lower intakes of saturated fat and higher intakes of polyunsaturated fat, and increases in HDL cholesterol levels were related to higher amounts of total fat largely derived from monounsaturated fat (of either plant or animal origin) in high-fat diets (composition of which was ~17% of total energy content in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids, ~8% of total energy content in the form of polyunsaturated fatty acids), whereas increases in triglyceride levels were associated with higher intakes of carbohydrates. In addition, lower LDL cholesterol level was marginally associated with lower saturated fat intake. The results of our meta-analysis do not allow for an unequivocal recommendation of either low-fat or high-fat diets in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.010

Cites

95 of 95 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 97 references

2 of the 97 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 217

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Schwingshackl, L., & Hoffmann, G.
Corresponding author
Schwingshackl, Lukas
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-12
Volume
113
Issue
12
Pages
1640-1661
ISSN
2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.010
OpenAlex
W2062691095
Cited by
218
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13
FWCI
2.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
low-fat diet, high-fat diet, dietary fat, serum lipids, overweight, obesity, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, hypocaloric diet, cardiovascular disease prevention, diet composition, carbohydrate intake, long-term dietary intervention, weight loss, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes
MeSH terms
Adult, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Humans, Lipids, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MEDLINE, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Overweight, Diet, High-Fat

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review