Efficacy of interoceptive exposure therapy combined with trauma-related exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study
Abstract
The aim of this case series was to examine efficacy of interoceptive exposure (IE) combined with trauma-related exposure therapy (TRE) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Seven participants completed treatment consisting of four weekly sessions of IE followed by eight weekly sessions of TRE (four sessions of imaginal exposure and four sessions of in vivo exposure). Assessments were conducted at pretreatment, posttreatment, 1- and 3-month follow-up. Outcome measures included PTSD symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic cognitions, anxiety, and depression. Five of the seven participants showed pre- to posttreatment improvements on these measures, and two participants showed less symptom reduction. Results at the 1-month follow-up showed that treatment gains were generally maintained in five (of the seven) participants and four of these individuals no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria. Four individuals completed the 3-month follow-up and their symptoms and diagnostic status remained unchanged. These preliminary findings are promising. The next step in this line of research is to conduct a randomized, controlled trial to further to examine the efficacy, tolerability, and mechanisms of using IE in the treatment of PTSD.
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- Authors
- Wald, J., & Taylor, S.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wald, Jaye
- ORCID
- Taylor, Steven
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1050-1060
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071285619
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, imaginal exposure, in vivo exposure, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic cognitions, depression, treatment efficacy, symptom maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Pilot Projects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wounds and Injuries, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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