The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition, memory disorganization and rumination in posttraumatic stress symptoms
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the relative contribution of memory disorganization and beliefs about trauma memory in the prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms. A sample of 95 student nurses and midwives narrated their memory of the most distressing placement related event they had experienced. Several questionnaires were administered, including the Beliefs about Memory Questionnaire (BAMQ), which was devised for the study. Pearson's correlations, hierarchical analyses and mediation analyses were performed on the data. The reliability and validity of the BAMQ gained preliminary support. Beliefs about the trauma memory, but not memory disorganization within the trauma narrative, predicted a significant proportion of the variance in posttraumatic stress symptoms after control variables were accounted for. Consistent with the metacognitive model of PTSD, the use of rumination mediated the relationship between beliefs about the trauma memory and PTSD symptoms. The findings provide preliminary support for the role of meta-memory in the maintenance of PTSD symptoms and question the importance of memory disorganization.
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“The results of the review mirror findings in mental health settings, which demonstrate that metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression [29, 70–77] and that negative metacognitive beliefs of uncontrollability and danger show the strongest and most reliable relationships with these symptoms [29].”
From Metacognitive beliefs and their relationship with anxiety and depression in physical illnesses: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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Segovia, D. A. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 1
Colgan, D. D. (2014) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
The R ole Of Memory, Personality, And Thou ght Processes In Posttr aumatic Stress Disorder
Broadbridge, C. L. (2013) · Human Biology
Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy to Improve Verbal and Working Memories in PTSD Veterans
Ghorbani, S., & Kazemi-Zahrani, H. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
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Yazıhan, N., & Yelboğa, Z. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd.2019.08831
Metacognitive beliefs of posttraumatic stress disorder patients
(2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/ktd.2019.08831
“Bu bulgu Wells ve Benett’in (2010) çalışma sonuçlarını desteklemektedir (16).”
Huang, X., Zhao, Q., Lan, Z., Liu, H., & Deng, F. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2482301/v1
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), executive function and attachment
de Paula, G. G. M., Moreira, J. D. O., & dos Santos, A. J. (2023) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental · doi:10.1590/1415-4714.e220529
Metaphor Use in Psychotherapy and Enactive Sense MakingPreprint
Cooper, J., & Tophoven, I. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/xkqnc
Liu, H., Lan, Z., Zhao, Q., Deng, F., & Huang, X. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02085-x
“It has been shown to reduce rumination and anxiety, but in this study, mindfulness did not reduce the incidence of psychological trauma [35].”
BackgroundKannis‐Dymand, L., Rune, K. T., Mitchell, N., Carter, J. D., Keech, J. J., Allen, A., Mulgrew, K. E., Tod, D., & Lovell, G. P. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10572-7 · Cited by 1
“A single item adapted by Bennett and Wells (2010) was included to capture frequency of worry about physical appearance, reflecting elevated symptoms rather than a formal diagnosis.”
Pitts, B. L., Eisenberg, M. L., Bailey, H. R., & Zacks, J. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19654597
Experiential Shifts in Psychotherapy Through Metaphor Use
Cooper, J., & Tophoven, I. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70143
Taking Flight: How Low‐Altitude Tourism Shapes Flight Anxiety
Hao, W., Han, E.-J., & Jittithavorn, C. (2026) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70410
Maksic, E., Klæth, J. R., Nordahl, H. M., & Hjemdal, O. (2026) · International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-026-00290-7
“Several studies support the metacognitive model of PTSD (Bardeen & Fergus, 2018 ; Bennett & Wells, 2010 ; Brown et al., 2021; Fergus & Bardeen, 2017 ), and emerging findings indicate that MCT is an effective particularly suited to improving broader functional and affective outcomes beyond core PTSD…”
POLATER, S. S., Avcı, U. K., Ünal, G. A., & Özdemir, E. (2026) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.1917037
Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Mindfulness in Veterans who have PTSD
Kuboy, M. (2015) · SOPHIA (St. Catherine University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, H., & Wells, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, Hazel
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 318-325
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164631352
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, metacognition, rumination, traumatic memory, metamemory, nursing students, midwives, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Awareness, Cognition, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Midwifery, Models, Psychological, Occupational Diseases, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Students, Nursing, Narration, Young Adult
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