Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Abstract
For comments on an earlier draft of this chapter and for detailed advice I am indebted to Robert M. Hauser, Halliman H. Winsborough, and Toni Richards, several anonymous reviewers, and the editor of this volume. I also wish to thank John Raisian, Nancy Rytina, and Barbara Mann for their comments and Mark Wilson for able research assistance. The opinions expressed here are the sole responsibility of the author.
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- Authors
- Sobel, M. E.
- Corresponding author
- Sobel, Michael E.
- Venue
- Sociological Methodology
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 290
- ISSN
- 0081-1750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976876708
- Cited by
- 12,810
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 406 · 2025: 493 · 2024: 550 · 2023: 622 · 2022: 674 · 2021: 620 · 2020: 644 · 2019: 652 · 2018: 618 · 2017: 655 · 2016: 708 · 2015: 788 · 2014: 760 · 2013: 776 · 2012: 715
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sociological Methodology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- indirect effects, structural equation modeling, asymptotic confidence intervals, mediation analysis, bootstrap confidence intervals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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