Using cognitive psychology research to inform professional visual search operations
Abstract
Visual search—locating target(s) among distractors—is a common practice that can range in difficulty from trivially easy to nearly impossible. Professional searches (e.g., airport security, radiology) typically are among the most complicated and challenging tasks, and also often among the most important. The current discussion examines empirical findings in the cognitive psychology literature that contribute to professional search operations, with an emphasis on airport security screening. Primarily, this article focuses on multiple ways to achieve optimal proficiency in security screenings, including personnel selection, training, and continuing assessments. Some of the existing best practices include using orthogonal visual search tasks as predictors of future performance (for selection), item-specific training (for expertise development), and annual competency tests (for continuing assessment). Future research opportunities are discussed, with one especially notable area for future research involving how individuals can potentially develop optimal scanning behaviors for professional search.
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The prevalence effect is the phenomenon whereby people are more likely to miss and not see things that have a lower prevalence base rate.
“the prevalence effect (the phenomena whereby people are more likely to miss and not see things that have a lower prevalence base rate, i.e., things that are rare and infrequent, Biggs et al. (2018) and Godwin et al. (2015)”
From Biased and biasing: the hidden bias cascade and bias snowball effects (2025) · cites this paper as Biggs et al., 2018
People who work in the justice and legal systems have past experiences that may cause bias due to the prevalence effect.
“People who work in the justice and legal systems have past experiences. These may cause a bias due to the prevalence effect”
From Biased and biasing: the hidden bias cascade and bias snowball effects (2025) · cites this paper as Biggs et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Biggs, A. T., Kramer, M. R., & Mitroff, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Naval Medical Research Unit DAYTON (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-198
- ISSN
- 2211-3681 (ISSN-L)
- 2211-369X
- OpenAlex
- W2807876580
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Army Research Office
- Department of Homeland Security
- Transportation Security Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Keywords
- visual search, airport security screening, personnel selection, job performance prediction, expertise development, competency testing, scanning behavior, human factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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