Redesigning therapies for pantothenate kinase–associated neurodegeneration
Open accessAbstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an incurable rare genetic disorder of children and young adults caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes an enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. Although PKAN affects only a small number of patients, it shares several hallmarks of more common neurodegenerative diseases of older adults such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Advances in etiological understanding and treatment of PKAN could therefore have implications for our understanding of more common diseases and may shed new lights on the physiological importance of coenzyme A, a cofactor critical for the operation of various cellular metabolic processes. The large body of knowledge that accumulated over the years around PKAN pathology, including but not limited to studies of various PKAN models and therapies, has contributed not only to progress in our understanding of the disease but also, importantly, to the crystallization of key questions that guide future investigations of the disease. In this review, we will summarize this knowledge and demonstrate how it forms the backdrop to new avenues of research.
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PANK4 is one of the pantothenate kinase isozymes implicated in coenzyme A biosynthesis.
“Of these two proteins, PANK4 showed a sex‐biased association with global AD pathology and is one of the pantothenate kinase isozymes implicated in coenzyme A biosynthesis. 63”
From Unraveling sex differences in Alzheimer's disease and related endophenotypes with brain proteomes (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
The Models of PKAN section identifies PANK4 as one of four human PANK-like genes, and the therapeutic-strategies section describes how its activity may affect the availability of CoA precursors. But the paper distinguishes PANK4 from the three active pantothenate kinases: it lacks the residues required for kinase activity and instead has phosphatase activity. Calling it a pantothenate kinase isozyme therefore overstates the source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPANK4 is associated with mitochondrial metabolism.
“Both MTFR1L and PANK4 are associated with mitochondrial metabolism, with MTFR1L implicated in mitochondrial fusion process 57 and PANK4 involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis. 63”
From Unraveling sex differences in Alzheimer's disease and related endophenotypes with brain proteomes (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Munshi, M. I., Yao, S. J., & Ben Mamoun, C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Munshi, Muhammad I.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 298
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101577
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8861153
- OpenAlex
- W4205542864
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Keywords
- pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, PANK2, coenzyme A biosynthesis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, metabolic cofactors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Coenzyme A, Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, Humans, Mutation, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), Neurodegenerative Diseases
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