Cited by 465Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingGene Regulatory Network Analysis

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Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process

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Bahrami, Shahram, Drabløs, Finn·2016·Advances in Biological Regulation

DOI 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.05.001

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Abstract

Immediate-early genes (IEGs) can be activated and transcribed within minutes after stimulation, without the need for de novo protein synthesis, and they are stimulated in response to both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. Extracellular signals are transduced from the cell surface, through receptors activating a chain of proteins in the cell, in particular extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and members of the RhoA-actin pathway. These communicate through a signaling cascade by adding phosphate groups to neighboring proteins, and this will eventually activate and translocate TFs to the nucleus and thereby induce gene expression. The gene activation also involves proximal and distal enhancers that interact with promoters to simulate gene expression. The immediate-early genes have essential biological roles, in particular in stress response, like the immune system, and in differentiation. Therefore they also have important roles in various diseases, including cancer development. In this paper we summarize some recent advances on key aspects of the activation and regulation of immediate-early genes.

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“Immediate early gene transcription occurs rapidly, apparently in the absence of the need for de novo protein translation (Bahrami and Drabløs 2016 ).”
Multi-omics analysis identifies RARRES1 as a potential biomarker linked to immunosuppressive microenvironment and its radiomics prediction in ovarian cancer
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Reln haploinsufficiency enhances fentanyl-induced locomotion and striatal activity without affecting opioid reinforcement and relapse-like behaviorPreprint
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“Consistent with the absence of genotypic differences in cue-induced reinstatement behavior, the expression of IEGs ( Fos, Arc, Egr1, Npas4 ), time-locked to the reinstatement session in the dorsal striatum did not differ between genotypes (Figure 3C; Supplemental Table 3).”
The Regulatory Interplay of the Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers MACC1 and IER2 and Its Impact on Metastatic Cancer Survival
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“Recently identified novel cancer biomarkers in the bloodstream, such as loop-free microRNAs (20), circulating tumor DNA (21), circulating free RNA (22), and cancer cell-derived vesicles (23), are believed to improve the diagnostic capabilities for GC. Accurate and comprehensive studies on its sensitivity and specifici…”
ProA and ProB repeat sequences shape 3D genome organization in eukaryotesPreprint
Bonnet, K., Hulo, N., Mourad, R., Ewing, A. D., Croce, O., Naville, M., Vassetzky, N. S., Gilson, É., Picard, D., & Fourel, G. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564043
“A classical example is provided by CREB1, SRF, and ELK1, which bind immediate early genes (IEG) enhancers even prior to stimulation 175,176 .”
RNA interference to reduce Egr1 expression in rods delays retinal degeneration in a model of retinitis pigmentosa
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“Although, Egr1, Nr4a1, FosB , and Dusp5 are regulated by ERK (43), other regulators for these genes have also been reported (41, 44–47).”
Supercharging-enhanced nDIA-MS enables global profiling of drug-induced proteome solubility shifts
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“IEGs are rapidly activated without the need for de novo protein synthesis and play critical roles in stress responses and cell fate decisions 36 .”
CNOT10 is involved in TTP-mediated AU-rich element containing mRNA metabolism, independent of mRNA decay regulation
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“These genes are primarily categorized into immediate-early genes, and their transcripts are characterized as unstable mRNAs (Bakheet et al. 2001), resulting in rapid and transient expression in response to stimuli (Bahrami and Drablos 2016).”
Ca2+ and ROS signalling exhibit divergent root-specific dynamics in Arabidopsis responses to abiotic stress and PAMPs
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“…the context of cellular stress, IEGs thus function as sensors and regulators of the early response, reprogramming the cell’s transcriptome in a way that enables either survival or activation of programmed cell death, depending on the nature and intensity of the stimulus (Bahrami and Drabløs, 2016).”
Insight into the multifactorial effect of climate change on marine bacteria: resilience mechanisms and mitigation strategies
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“…regulators often function as transcription factors, directly or indirectly regulating the expression of target genes involved in adaptive responses (bahrami and Drabløs 2016). this allows bacteria to rapidly adjust gene expression in response to climatic changes, ensuring their survival and…”
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“Fos is in the "first echelon" of the cellular response that takes place within minutes [13] .”
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Egr-2 coordinates intestinal remodeling by promoting midline patterning and pharynx regeneration in planariansPreprint
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“Conversely, secondary response genes (SRG) are dependent on the synthesis of new TFs after the stimulus and cannot be activated if the translation is inhibited (Tullai et al., 2007; Bahrami and Drabløs, 2016).”
BackgroundMethod
Type I IFN stimulates lymph node stromal cells from adult and old mice during a West Nile virus infection
Bennett, A. K., Richner, M., Mun, M. D., & Richner, J. M. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522898
“FOS is an AP-1 transcription factor subunit (Bahrami & Drabløs, 2016), and lack of Fos expression in vitro and in vivo led to increased IL6 and TNFα production following LPS treatment (Ray et al., 2006).”
Background
TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglial inflammatory responses and promotes neurodegeneration in tauopathy mice
Wang, Y., Wu, T., Tsai, M.-C., Rezzonico, M. G., Abdel-Haleem, A. M., Xie, L., Gandham, V., Ngu, H., Stark, K., Glock, C., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512193
“As IEG 266 expression can be regulated by MAPK signaling pathways and TPL2 is a key regulator of MAPK 267 signaling(Bahrami and Drablos, 2016; O'Donnell et al., 2012), these results are consistent with a 268”
Result
Expression of Genes Regulating Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus and Spatial Learning in Rats of Different Age with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Karantysh, G., Mendzheritsky, A., Prokofiev, V. N., Lyangasova, O., & Fomenko, M. (2022) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s181971242201007x
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Шмакова, А. А., Рысенкова, К. Д., Ивашкина, О. И., Груздева, А. М., Климович, П. С., Попов, В. С., Рубина, К. А., Анохин, К. В., Tkachuk, V., & Семина, Е. В. (2021) · Биохимия · doi:10.31857/s0320972521100080
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Femtosecond laser microdissection isolating regenerating C. elegans neurons for single cell RNA sequencingPreprint
Zhao, P., Martin, C., Ma, K.-Y., Jiang, N. J., & Ben‐Yakar, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.21.427576
Brain transcriptomic changes in Japanese quail reveal roles for neurotensin and urocortin 3 in avian parental carePreprint
Lopes, P. C., & de Bruijn, R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.29.401794
NR4A1 suppresses cancer replication stress through R-loop-dependent inhibition of immediate early gene transcriptional elongationPreprint
Haber, D. A., Guo, H., Golczer, G., Wittner, B. S., Langenbucher, A., Zachariah, M. A., Dubash, T. D., Hong, X., Comaills, V., Burr, R., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-84947/v1 · Cited by 1
PROFILING OF Y1 CELLS TREATED WITH FGF-2 REVEALS PARALLELS WITH ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCEPreprint
Lund, P. J., Lopes, M. D. C., Sidoli, S., Coradin, M., Vitorino, F. N. D. L., da Cunha, J. P. C., & Garcia, B. A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.247023
Neurotensin receptor 2 is induced in astrocytes and brain endothelial cells in relation to status epilepticus and neuroinflammation following pilocarpine administration in rats
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Identification and in silico expression analysis of three transcription factors in the wild potato
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Expression of nano-ferritin in neuronal cells encompassed by minimal Arc promoter system.
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Vieira, C. P., Fortmann, S. D., Hossain, M., Longhini, A. L., Hammer, S. S., Asare-Bediako, B., Crossman, D., Sielski, M. S., Adu-Agyeiwaah, Y., Dupont, M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.942292
“They are termed immediate genes because they are rapidly induced in response to inter- and intra-cellular signaling (47).”
Background
Single molecule imaging reveals the collective and independent search mechanisms of cFos and cJun on DNA
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“These complexes are involved in immediate-early gene pathways (8), allowing rapid modulation of transcriptional profiles in response to stressors such as viral infection (9).”
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Single-molecule imaging of the serum response factor reveals changes in chromatin-binding dynamics upon cell stimulation
Hipp, L. (2019) · OPen Access Repositorium der Universität Ulm (OPARU) (Ulm University) · doi:10.18725/oparu-15359
“Typically, this upregulation is transient and does not require new protein synthesis (Bahrami and Drabløs 2016).”
Background
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling in tenocytes is required for adult tendon growth
Disser, N. P., Sugg, K., Talarek, J., Sarver, D. C., Rourke, B. J., & Mendias, C. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/670026
“…factor downstream of ERK that directs the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, such as Fos and Jun that subsequently regulate expression of cyclins and CDKs that control cell cycle progression (Bahrami and Drabløs, 2016; Boros et al., 2009; Cook et al., 1999; Liao et al., 1997).”
Background
Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/ILF3
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“transcriptional regulation at the levels of RNA splicing, nuclear export, stabilization, and translational regulation of the nascent transcripts (4).”
BackgroundInfluential
Molecular Pathology of HTLV-1
Bertazzoni, U., Ciminale, V., & Romanelli, M. (2019) · Frontiers Research Topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-88945-750-2

Authors: Bahrami, S., & Drabløs, F.
Affiliations: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author: Drabløs, Finn
ORCID: Bahrami, Shahram
Drabløs, Finn
Venue: Advances in Biological Regulation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-09
Volume: 62
Pages: 37-49
ISSN: 2212-4926 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.05.001
OpenAlex: W2349918789
Cited by: 465
References: 109
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 3.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Advances in Biological Regulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Helse Midt-Norge
Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
Keywords: immediate early genes, gene expression regulation, transcription factor activation, MAPK signaling, ERK, signal transduction, enhancers, promoter regulation, stress response, immune response, cell differentiation, cancer
MeSH terms: Actins, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Nucleus, Eukaryotic Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Phosphorylation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Genes, Immediate-Early, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

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Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process

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