Cited by 3,187Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsEpigenetics and DNA MethylationChromosomal and Genetic Variations

CpG islands and the regulation of transcription

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Deaton, Aimée M., Bird, Adrian·2011·Genes & Development

Abstract

Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and predominantly nonmethylated. Most, perhaps all, CGIs are sites of transcription initiation, including thousands that are remote from currently annotated promoters. Shared DNA sequence features adapt CGIs for promoter function by destabilizing nucleosomes and attracting proteins that create a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state. Silencing of CGI promoters is achieved through dense CpG methylation or polycomb recruitment, again using their distinctive DNA sequence composition. CGIs are therefore generically equipped to influence local chromatin structure and simplify regulation of gene activity.

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Authors
Deaton, A. M., & Bird, A.
Affiliations
Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology (GB)
Venue
Genes & Development
Published
2011-05-15
Volume
25
Issue
10
Pages
1010-1022
ISSN
  • 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-5477
OpenAlex
W2099343472
Cited by
3,187
References
138
Citations by year
2026: 104 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 200 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 214 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 236 · 2019: 257 · 2018: 240 · 2017: 242 · 2016: 247 · 2015: 230 · 2014: 215 · 2013: 190 · 2012: 156
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Genes & Development (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Cancer Research UK
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Keywords
CpG islands, transcription initiation, promoter activity, DNA methylation, nucleosome destabilization, chromatin structure, gene silencing, GC-rich DNA, vertebrate genomes
MeSH terms
Animals, Chromatin, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Repressor Proteins, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing, Transcription Initiation Site, Polycomb-Group Proteins

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