CpG islands and the regulation of transcription
Open accessAbstract
Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and predominantly nonmethylated. Most, perhaps all, CGIs are sites of transcription initiation, including thousands that are remote from currently annotated promoters. Shared DNA sequence features adapt CGIs for promoter function by destabilizing nucleosomes and attracting proteins that create a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state. Silencing of CGI promoters is achieved through dense CpG methylation or polycomb recruitment, again using their distinctive DNA sequence composition. CGIs are therefore generically equipped to influence local chromatin structure and simplify regulation of gene activity.
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Analyzing Circulating Tumor Cells One at a Time
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“It has been well known that unmodified CpG dinucleotide serves as signaling motif to recruit epigenetic regulators containing CXXC domain, a known CpG-binding module(7-9).”
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- Authors
- Deaton, A. M., & Bird, A.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology (GB)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2011-05-15
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1010-1022
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC3093116
- OpenAlex
- W2099343472
- Cited by
- 3,187
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 104 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 200 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 214 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 236 · 2019: 257 · 2018: 240 · 2017: 242 · 2016: 247 · 2015: 230 · 2014: 215 · 2013: 190 · 2012: 156
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- CpG islands, transcription initiation, promoter activity, DNA methylation, nucleosome destabilization, chromatin structure, gene silencing, GC-rich DNA, vertebrate genomes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatin, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Repressor Proteins, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing, Transcription Initiation Site, Polycomb-Group Proteins
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