N-terminal SKIK peptide tag markedly improves expression of difficult-to-express proteins in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract
Despite advances in microbial protein expression systems, low production of proteins remains a great concern for some genes. Here we report that the insertion of a short peptide tag, consisting of Ser-Lys-Ile-Lys (SKIK), adjacent to the start codon of genes encoding difficult-to-express proteins can increase protein expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein expression levels of a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb), rabbit mAbs obtained from clonal B cells, and an artificially designed peptide were significantly increased simply by the addition of the SKIK tag in E. coli systems. In particular, a ∼30-fold increase in protein production was observed for the mouse mAb, and the artificially designed peptide band became detectable in sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis after coomassie brilliant blue staining or western blotting on adding the SKIK tag. The tag also increased the expression of tagged proteins in S. cerevisiae and an E. coli cell-free protein synthesis system. Although the mechanism of high protein expression on addition of the tag is unclear, our findings offer great benefits to biotechnology research and industry.
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A Fab fragment bearing a leucine zipper pair at the C-termini of both heavy and light chains, named Zipbody, enhances chain pairing in the active form in E. coli cytoplasm expression and in cell-free protein synthesis systems.
“They also described an ad hoc engineered Fab fragment bearing a leucine zipper (LZ) pair at the C-termini of both the heavy and light chains, a construct named Zipbody. These extensions would enhance the chain pairing in the active form in both the E. coli cytoplasm expression and in the cell-free protein synthesis systems, a technology named Ecobody [124,125,126].”
From Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
The SKIK sequence (serine-lysine-isoleucine-lysine) improves the cytoplasmic expression of Fab fragments in the E. coli SHuffle T7 Express strain using LB medium at 16 °C for 24 h.
“Recently, the research group of Nakano has reported the use of a small tag, referred as the SKIK sequence (serine-lysine-isoleucine-lysine), that is able to improve the cytoplasmic expression of Fab fragments in the E. coli SHuffle T7 Express strain using the LB medium at 16 °C for 24 h [124,125].”
From Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
The Zipbody and SKIK peptide tag technologies have been developed to improve de novo synthesis of soluble and functional Fab fragments.
“The Zipbody and the SKIK peptide tag technologies have been developed to improve the de novo synthesis of soluble and functional Fab fragments [124,126].”
From Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
Cites
Multiple roles of the coding sequence 5′ end in gene expression regulation
Tuller, T., & Zur, H. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku1313 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
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New tools for recombinant protein production in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A 5‐year update
Rosano, G. L., Morales, E. S., & Ceccarelli, E. A. (2019) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3668 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments
Sandomenico, A., Sivaccumar, J. P., & Ruvo, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176324 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Rapid Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies from Single B Cells by Ecobody Technology
Ojima-Kato, T., Morishita, S., Uchida, Y., Nagai, S., Kojima, T., & Nakano, H. (2018) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib7040038 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ojima-Kato, T., Nagai, S., & Nakano, H.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nakano, Hideo
- ORCID
- Nakano, Hideo
- Venue
- Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 540-546
- ISSN
- 1347-4421 (ISSN-L)
- 1389-1723
- OpenAlex
- W2570253006
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Aichi Science and Technology Foundation (Japan)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- difficult-to-express proteins, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant protein expression, Escherichia coli expression, Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system, cell-free protein synthesis, artificial peptides
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cell-Free System, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Escherichia coli, Oligopeptides, Rabbits, Recombinant Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression, Mice
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