Cited by 216RNA and protein synthesis mechanismsRNA Research and SplicingGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Multiple roles of the coding sequence 5′ end in gene expression regulation

Open access
Tuller, Tamir, Zur, Hadas·2015·Nucleic Acids Research

Abstract

The codon composition of the coding sequence's (ORF) 5' end first few dozen codons is known to be distinct to that of the rest of the ORF. Various explanations for the unusual codon distribution in this region have been proposed in recent years, and include, among others, novel regulatory mechanisms of translation initiation and elongation. However, due to the fact that many overlapping regulatory signals are suggested to be associated with this relatively short region, its research is challenging. Here, we review the currently known signals that appear in this region, the theories related to the way they regulate translation and affect the organismal fitness, and the debates they provoke.

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Crossref · 10.1093/nar/gku1313

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  • Some studies have shown that protein expression level drops if the 5′-end leader region has more secondary structure.

    “Some studies have shown that protein expression level drops if the 5′-end leader region has more secondary structure5,50–53.”

    From Algorithm for optimized mRNA design improves stability and immunogenicity (2023) · cites this paper as [53]

    The section “Weak mRNA Folding at the ORF’s 5′ End” reports that stronger folding near the start of the coding sequence was negatively correlated with protein levels in five studies, while noting that a sixth study did not find the correlation. The claim specifies the 5′ leader region, but the reported protein-level finding concerns the beginning of the ORF, not specifically the leader region. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [30]Ben Yehezkel T. Atar S. Shapiro E. Tuller T. Systematic study of synthetic transcript features in S. cerevisiae exposes gene-expression determinants 2014 in press
  2. [42]Dana A. Tuller T. Properties and determinants of codon translation speed distributions BMC Genomics. 2014 S13 15 PMC4240079 25572668
  3. [60]Ban N. Nissen P. Hansen J. Moore P.B. Steitz T.A. The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4 A resolution Science 2000 289 905 920 10937989

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Authors
Tuller, T., & Zur, H.
Affiliations
Tel Aviv University (IL)
Corresponding author
Tuller, Tamir
Venue
Nucleic Acids Research
Published
2014-12-12
Volume
43
Issue
1
Pages
13-28
ISSN
  • 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
  • 1362-4962
OpenAlex
W2046872786
Cited by
206
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
5' untranslated region, codon usage bias, translation initiation, translation elongation, gene expression regulation, codon composition, regulatory signals, organismal fitness
MeSH terms
Codon, Gene Expression Regulation, Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational, Ribosomes, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Transfer, Protein Biosynthesis, Open Reading Frames, Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid, RNA Folding

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