The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis
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“Additionally, both the composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha (α) values for each of the four constructs used in this study exceeded the suggested threshold of 0.70, indicating that the measures exhibit internal consistency, reliability and credibility (Fornell and Larcker, 1981;Hair et al., 2020).”
From Promoting transparency and accountability towards anti-corruption in pharmaceutical procurement system: does e-procurement play a significant role? (2024) · cites this paper as Hair et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“The results presented in Figure 2 and Table 1 provide sufficient evidence for the unidimensionality of the measurement scales in this study, with all observed items demonstrating factor loadings (λ) greater than 0.7 (Hair et al., 2020).”
From Promoting transparency and accountability towards anti-corruption in pharmaceutical procurement system: does e-procurement play a significant role? (2024) · cites this paper as Hair et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“PLS is proficient in handling multicollinearity issues as it can provide reliable findings even in cases of high multicollinearity (Hair et al., 2017, 2020).”
From Sustainable entrepreneurship and knowledge management: Role of green information technology in building sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems (2025) · cites this paper as Hair et al., 2020
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
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Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
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Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8 · Cited by 38,459
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Herne, H., Cooley, W. W., & Lohnes, P. R. (1973) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344428 · Cited by 35,801
When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203 · Cited by 27,541
Self-citationPls-Sem: indeed a silver bullet
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011) · Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.2753/mtp1069-6679190202 · Cited by 21,631
Self-citationA primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)
Leguina, A. (2015) · International Journal of Research & Method in Education · doi:10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806 · Cited by 18,921
Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research
Brown, T. A. (2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2769 · Cited by 15,621
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fassott, 2015, Vol. 9
- Howard, 2018, Scale pretesting, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 23
- Stouffer, 1950, Vol. 4
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How managerial accountability mitigates a halo effect in managers’ ex-post bonus adjustments
Maske, M. K., Sohn, M., & Hirsch, B. (2019) · Management Accounting Research · doi:10.1016/j.mar.2021.100738 · Cited by 26
The Impact of Quality of Big Data Marketing Analytics (BDMA) on the Market and Financial Performance
Haverila, M., Haverila, K. C., Mohiuddin, M., & Su, Z. (2022) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.315646 · Cited by 20
Sadiq, M., Pham Thi, T. D., Nguyen, C. M., & Do, H.-D. (2025) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2025.100689 · Cited by 19
Taibah University, C. O. B. A., & ALKHAWALDEH, A. M. (2022) · GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites · doi:10.30892/gtg.43303-897 · Cited by 14
Green Buying Behaviour: An Integrated Model
Duque Oliva, E. J., Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Arroyo-Cañada, F.-J., Argila-Irurita, A., Fuente, J. G.-L., Palacio-López, S.-M., & Arrubla-Zapata, J.-P. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16114441 · Cited by 14
Building trust in cybernetic payment network: Insights from an emerging economy
Ahmed, S., Ahmed, R., Ashrafi, D. M., Ahmed, E., & Annamalah, S. (2024) · Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100331 · Cited by 13
Haverila, M. J., & Haverila, K. C. (2024) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-07-2023-0319 · Cited by 11
Examining the Relationship between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency Trends in a Developing Country
Islam Bhuiyan, M. R., Milon, M. N. U., Hossain, R., Poli, T. A., & Salam, M. A. (2024) · Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies · doi:10.36941/ajis-2024-0193 · Cited by 10
“As per Hair et al. (2020), it is recommended to only consider removing items within constructs that have outer loadings between 0.40 and 0.70 if their removal results in an increase in the composite reliability (CR) or average variance extracted (AVE) over the acceptable threshold in the following…”
BackgroundInfluentialIsrael, B. (2023) · International Journal of Health Governance · doi:10.1108/ijhg-03-2023-0028 · Cited by 8
“An uphill battle”: school library professionals fostering student reading engagement
Merga, M. K., & Mat Roni, S. (2025) · English in Education · doi:10.1080/04250494.2025.2456718 · Cited by 6
“This linear combination implies a “causal” relationship while covariance may not necessarily exist (Hair, Howard, and Nitzl 2020; Henseler, Hubona, and Ray Pauline 2016).”
InfluentialMaia, D. D. R. P., Lizarelli, F. L., & Gambi, L. D. N. (2024) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2024.2302588 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C.
- Affiliations
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Universität der Bundeswehr München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hair, Joe F.
- Venue
- Journal of Business Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 109
- Pages
- 101-110
- ISSN
- 0148-2963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2995576379
- Cited by
- 5,446
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1102 · 2025: 1296 · 2024: 1180 · 2023: 841 · 2022: 592 · 2021: 348 · 2020: 84
- FWCI
- 183.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Business Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Keywords
- measurement model validation, PLS-SEM, formative constructs, reflective constructs, construct measurement, scale development
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