Life cycle assessment of reusable plastic food packaging
Open accessAbstract
The present study focuses on the cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of a reusable takeaway food container. The system boundary includes the production, transport, use, and end of life (EoL) stages of container, considering recycling and incineration, including all the inputs (material and energy) and outputs (emissions). Scenarios (10, 30, and 100 uses of a reusable container with EoL) were proposed and compared with a single-use container. The primary data was collected from industry and secondary data was taken from the literature and the Ecoienven 3.8 database. The functional unit (FU) was “one use of a container”, and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method was used. The results showed that with a centralised collection and washing system, the global warming potential (GWP) for a single-use container (0.020 kg CO2 eq./FU) per FU had higher GWP than 10 uses (0.015 kg CO2 eq./FU) and 100 uses (0.007 kg CO2 eq./FU) of the reusable container (EoL recycling). The GWP of a single-use container is 1.3 times higher than 10 uses of the container which results in a minimum six uses of the reusable container, providing a benefit over single-use container. In EoL incineration, 10 uses scenario led to a decrease in the GWP of 46%, while 100 uses resulted in a significant reduction in the GWP of 83% compared to single-use per FU. It was found that the efficiency of the return system for empty containers significantly influenced the results. This study also quantified plastic waste for various scenarios.
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The GWP of a single-use container is 1.3 times higher than 10 uses of the container.
“The results showed that the GWP of a single-use container is 1.3 times higher than 10 uses of the container, and the reusable containers should be used at least six times to surpass the impact of the single-use container.”
From Environmental life cycle assessment of single-use and reusable food takeaway containers (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Reusable containers should be used at least six times to surpass the impact of the single-use container.
“The results showed that the GWP of a single-use container is 1.3 times higher than 10 uses of the container, and the reusable containers should be used at least six times to surpass the impact of the single-use container.”
From Environmental life cycle assessment of single-use and reusable food takeaway containers (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Yadav, P., Silvenius, F., Katajajuuri, J.-M., & Leinonen, I.
- Affiliations
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Yadav, Pooja
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-04
- Volume
- 448
- Pages
- 141529
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392383445
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 10
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Strategic Research Council
- Academy of Finland (346597)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Keywords
- single-use plastic packaging, global warming potential, container recycling, plastic waste, cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment
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