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Cited by 38Crime Patterns and InterventionsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

Depression, anxiety and delinquency: Results from the Pittsburgh Youth Study

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Jolliffe, Darrick, Farrington, David P., Brunton-Smith, Ian, Loeber, Rolf, Ahonen, Lia, Palacios, Anna Paula·2019·Journal of Criminal Justice
DOI 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.08.004
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Abstract

The main aim of this research is to investigate to what extent within-individual changes in anxiety and depression are related to within-individual changes in theft and violence. The youngest sample of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS), a prospective longitudinal survey of 503 boys followed up from age 7 onwards, was analyzed. Depression and anxiety were measured for boys from ages 11 to 16 as were moderate and serious forms of self-reported theft and violence. A hierarchical linear random effects model was used to investigate anxiety and depression as potential causes or outcomes of these forms of delinquency. The results showed that the between-individual correlations were consistently higher than the corresponding within-individual correlations, and provided little evidence to discern the directionality of the potential relationships between depression, anxiety and delinquency. Using a random effects approach, there was limited evidence that prior depression or anxiety was related to later offending, but there was evidence that offending (particularly theft and serious violence) was associated with later increases in anxiety, and to a lesser extent depression. This study indicates that depression and anxiety were outcomes of offending. If replicated, this would suggest that evidence-based interventions which reduced offending would have a desirable influence in reducing depression and anxiety. However, interventions for depression should still form part of responsive interventions. More research which explores within-individual changes in longitudinal studies with repeated measures is needed.

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  1. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2003). How can the relationship between race and violence be explained? In D. F. Hawkins (Ed.). Violent crime: Assessing race and ethnic differences (pp. 213-237). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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Authors
Jolliffe, D., Farrington, D. P., Brunton-Smith, I., Loeber, R., Ahonen, L., & Palacios, A. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Greenwich (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Jolliffe, Darrick
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Criminal Justice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-05
Volume
62
Pages
42-49
ISSN
0047-2352 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.08.004
OpenAlex
W2896347894
Cited by
38
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
FWCI
5.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Criminal Justice (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
  • Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords
depression, anxiety, juvenile delinquency, theft, violence, within-person change, Pittsburgh Youth Study, boys, evidence-based interventions

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