The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Open accessAbstract
Aim Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with an increased risk of death. We evaluated whether ulcer severity at presentation predicts mortality.Methods Patients from a national, retrospective, cohort of veterans with type 2 diabetes who developed incident diabetic foot ulcers between January 1, 2006 and September 1, 2010, were followed until death or the end of the study period, January 1, 2012. Ulcers were characterized as early stage, osteomyelitis, or gangrene at presentation. Cox proportional hazard regression identified independent predictors of death, controlling for comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and healthcare utilization.Results 66,323 veterans were included in the cohort and followed for a mean of 27.7months: 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 80.80%, 69.01% and 28.64%, respectively. Compared to early stage ulcers, gangrene was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.57-1.83, p<0.001). The magnitude of this effect was greater than diagnosed vascular disease, i.e., coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke.Conclusion Initial diabetic foot ulcer severity is a more significant predictor of subsequent mortality than coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke. Unrecognized or under-estimated vascular disease and/or sepsis secondary to gangrene should be explored as possible causal explanations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“People with diabetes living in rural areas had a higher frequency of major lower extremity amputation (3.4% vs 2.4% in 1 year; adjusted OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.48-1.65)compared with those residing in large metropolitan areas, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors.22”
From Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a · Cited by 7,081
Prompers, L., Huijberts, M., Apelqvist, J., Jude, E., Piaggesi, A., Bakker, K., Edmonds, M., Holstein, P., Jirkovska, A., Mauricio, D., et al. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0491-1 · Cited by 1,023
Prompers, L., Schaper, N. C., Apelqvist, J., EDMONDS, M. E., Jude, E. B., Mauricio, D., Uccioli, L., Urbančič, V., Bakker, K., Holstein, P., et al. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-0940-0 · Cited by 1,019
Amputation and Mortality in New-Onset Diabetic Foot Ulcers Stratified by Etiology
Moulik, P. K., Mtonga, R. E., & Gill, G. V. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.491 · Cited by 613
Association of diabetic foot ulcer and death in a population‐based cohort from the United Kingdom
Walsh, J. W., Hoffstad, O., Sullivan, M. O., & Margolis, D. J. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13054 · Cited by 536
Accuracy and completeness of mortality data in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Sohn, M., Arnold, N., Maynard, C., & Hynes, D. (2006) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-4-2 · Cited by 533
Self-citationLong-Term Prognosis of Diabetic Foot Patients and Their Limbs
Morbach, S., Furchert, H., Gröblinghoff, U., Hoffmeier, H., Kersten, K., Klauke, G.-T., Klemp, U., Roden, T., Icks, A., Haastert, B., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0200 · Cited by 447
Miller, D. R., Safford, M. M., & POGACH, L. M. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.suppl_2.b10 · Cited by 425
The independent contribution of diabetic foot ulcer on lower extremity amputation and mortality risk
Martins‐Mendes, D., Monteiro‐Soares, M., Boyko, E. J., Ribeiro, M., Barata, P., Lima, J. P., & Soares, R. A. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.04.011 · Cited by 285
Mortality Rates and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Robbins, J. M., Strauss, G. J., Aron, D. C., Long, J., Kuba, J., & Kaplan, Y. (2008) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/0980489 · Cited by 241
Dubský, M., Jirkovská, A., Bém, R., Fejfarová, V., Skibová, J., Schaper, N. C., & Lipsky, B. A. (2012) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01022.x · Cited by 215
Prompers, L., Huijberts, M. S., Apelqvist, J., Jude, E. B., Piaggesi, A., Bakker, K., Edmonds, M. E., Holstein, P., Jirkovská, A., Mauricio, D., et al. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02445.x · Cited by 203
Functional Status of Persons With Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputations
Peters, E. J. G., Childs, M. R., Wunderlich, R. P., Harkless, L. B., Armstrong, D. G., & Lavery, L. A. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.10.1799 · Cited by 181
Improved Survival of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients 1995–2008
Young, M. J., McCardle, J., Randall, L. E., & Barclay, J. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1242 · Cited by 165
Risk factors for developing osteomyelitis in patients with diabetic foot wounds
Lavery, L. A., Peters, E. J. G., Armstrong, D. G., Wendel, C. S., Murdoch, D. P., & Lipsky, B. A. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.030 · Cited by 161
The Clinical Implications of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1996) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199611)13:11 · Cited by 148
The Use of Automated Data to Identify Complications and Comorbidities of Diabetes
Newton, K. M., Wagner, E. H., Ramsey, S. D., McCulloch, D. K., Evans, R., Sandhu, N., & Davis, C. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00161-9 · Cited by 138
Patterns of Statin Use in a Real-World Population of Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk
Lin, I., Sung, J., Sanchez, R. J., Mallya, U. G., Friedman, M., Panaccio, M. P., Koren, A., Neumann, P. J., & Menzin, J. (2016) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.685 · Cited by 95
Kontopantelis, E., Springate, D. A., Reeves, D., Ashcroft, D. M., Rutter, M. K., Buchan, I. E., & Doran, T. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3473-8 · Cited by 74
Fincke, B. G., Miller, D. R., & Turpin, R. S. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-192 · Cited by 66
Influence of foot ulceration on cause-specific mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus
Brownrigg, J. R. W., Griffin, M., Hughes, C., Jones, K. G., Patel, N., Thompson, M. M., & Hinchliffe, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.052 · Cited by 63
Statin use and lower extremity amputation risk in nonelderly diabetic patients
Sohn, M.-W., Meadows, J. L., Oh, E. H., Budiman-Mak, E., Lee, T. A., Stone, N. J., & Pearce, W. B. (2013) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.069 · Cited by 52
Self-citationSohn, M., Budiman‐Mak, E., Stuck, R. M., Siddiqui, F., & Lee, T. A. (2010) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/1757-1146-3-27 · Cited by 36
Self-citationGyberg, V., Kotseva, K., Dallongeville, J., Backer, G. D., Mellbin, L., Rydén, L., Wood, D., Bacquer, D. D., & for the EUROASPIRE Study Group (2014) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487314529353 · Cited by 31
Helmer, D. A., Tseng, C., Wrobel, J. S., Tiwari, A., Rajan, M., POGACH, L. M., Sambamoorthi, U., & Feinglass, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00135.x · Cited by 13
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review
Armstrong, D. G., Tan, T.-W., Boulton, A. J. M., & Bus, S. A. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.10578 · Cited by 1,928
Selection of Appropriate Wound Dressing for Various Wounds
Shi, C., Wang, C., Liu, H., Li, Q., Li, R., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Shao, Y., & Wang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00182 · Cited by 522
Current challenges and opportunities in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers.
Jeffcoate, W. J., Vileikyte, L., Boyko, E. J., Armstrong, D. G., & Boulton, A. J. M. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1836 · Cited by 475
Musuuza, J., Sutherland, B. L., Kurter, S., Balasubramanian, P., Bartels, C. M., & Brennan, M. B. (2020) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.244 · Cited by 274
Self-citationChen, L., Sun, S., Gao, Y., & Ran, X. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14840 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Brennan, M. B., Hess, T. M., Bartle, B., Cooper, J. M., Kang, J., Huang, E. S., Smith, M., Sohn, M.-W., & Crnich, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital (US)
- University of Chicago Medical Center (US)
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brennan, Meghan B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 556-561
- ISSN
- 0891-6632 (ISSN-L)
- 1056-8727
- PMC
- PMC5328848
- OpenAlex
- W2559881424
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 10.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes and its Complications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000428, UL1TR000427)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS018368, R01HS018542)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK105340, P30DK092949)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Keywords
- diabetic foot ulcer, ulcer severity, mortality, veterans, type 2 diabetes, gangrene, osteomyelitis, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, vascular disease, sepsis, survival
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gangrene, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteomyelitis, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Diabetic Foot, Electronic Health Records, Veterans Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
