Glycemic control and diabetic foot ulcer outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the association between glycemic control (hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, and random glucose) and the outcomes of wound healing and lower extremity amputation (LEA) among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).Research design and methods Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for observational studies published up to March 2019. Five independent reviewers assessed in duplicate the eligibility of each study based on predefined eligibility criteria and two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias. Ameta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) using random effects for glycemic measures in relation to the outcomes of wound healing and LEA. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential source of heterogeneity between studies. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018096842).Results Of 4572 study records screened, 60 observational studies met the study eligibility criteria of which 47 studies had appropriate data for inclusion in one or more meta-analyses(n = 12,604 DFUs). For cohort studies comparing A1C >7.0 to 7.5% vs. lower A1C levels, the pooled OR for LEA was 2.04 (95% CI, 0.91, 4.57) and for studies comparing A1C ≥ 8% vs. <8%, the pooled OR for LEA was 4.80 (95% CI 2.83, 8.13). For cohort studies comparing fasting glucose ≥126 vs. <126 mg/dl, the pooled OR for LEA was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.02, 2.09). There was no association with A1C category and wound healing (OR or HR). There was high risk of bias with respect to comparability of cohorts as many studies did not adjust for potential confounders in the association between glycemic control and DFU outcomes.Conclusions Our findings suggest that A1C levels ≥8% and fasting glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl are associated with increased likelihood of LEA in patients with DFUs. A purposively designed prospective study is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the association between hyperglycemia and LEA.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with 1587 participants reported that therapeutic footwear, relative to usual care, significantly reduced incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (13.3% vs 25.4%; RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84; P < .01).
“A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with 1587 participants reported that therapeutic footwear, relative to usual care, significantly reduced incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (13.3% vs 25.4%; RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84;P < .01).87”
From Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 1 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Hemmingsen, B., Lund, S. S., Gluud, C. N., Vaag, A. A., Almdal, T., & Wetterslev, J. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008143.pub3 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
RetractedPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
(2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119536604 · Cited by 14,828 · see citing works
Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence
Armstrong, D. G., Boulton, A. J. M., & Bus, S. A. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1615439 · Cited by 4,376 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights
Baltzis, D., Eleftheriadou, I., & Veves, A. (2014) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-014-0140-x · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Hingorani, A., LaMuraglia, G. M., Henke, P. K., Meissner, M. H., Loretz, L., Zinszer, K. M., Driver, V. R., Frykberg, R. G., Carman, T. L., Marston, W. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2015.10.003 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Chronology and Determinants of Tissue Repair in Diabetic Lower-Extremity Ulcers
Pecoraro, R. E., Ahroni, J. H., Boyko, E. J., & Stensel, V. L. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.10.1305 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Aragón‐Sánchez, J., Cabrera, J. J., Quintana-Marrero, Y., et al. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1131-8 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Hemoglobin A1c Predicts Healing Rate in Diabetic Wounds
Christman, A. L., Selvin, E., Margolis, D. J., Lazarus, G. S., & Garza, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.176 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Amputation as a marker of the quality of foot care in diabetes
Jeffcoate, W. J., & van Houtum, W. H. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1584-3 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Meta‐analysis of risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections
Şen, P., Demırdal, T., & Emir, B. (2019) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3165 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Pemayun, T. G. D., Naibaho, R. M., Novitasari, D., Amin, N., & Minuljo, T. T. (2015) · Diabetic Foot & Ankle · doi:10.3402/dfa.v6.29629 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Perioperative glycaemic control for diabetic patients undergoing surgery
Buchleitner, A. M., Martínez‐Alonso, M., Hernández, M., Solà, I., & Mauricio, D. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007315.pub2 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetic Foot Problems and Predictive Factors for Amputation in China
Jiang, Y., Ran, X., Jia, L., Yang, C. H., Wang, P., Ma, J., Chen, B., Yu, Y., Feng, B., Chen, L., et al. (2015) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734614564867 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Risk factors for major limb amputations in diabetic foot gangrene patients
Miyajima, S., Shirai, A., Yamamoto, S., Okada, N., & Matsushita, T. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2005.07.005 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Winkley, K., Stahl, D. R., Chalder, T., EDMONDS, M. E., & Ismail, K. (2007) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.09.004 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Uccioli, L., Gandini, R., Giurato, L., Fabiano, S., Pampana, E., Spallone, V., Vainieri, E., & Simonetti, G. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0831 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Delayed Healing of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Margolis, D. J., Kantor, J., Santanna, J., Strom, B. L., & Berlin, J. A. (2000) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.136.12.1531 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Hasan, R., Firwana, B., Elraiyah, T. A., Domecq, J. P., Prutsky, G. J., Nabhan, M., Prokop, L. J., Henke, P. K., Τσάπας, Α., Montori, V. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2015.10.005 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Reasonable Glycemic Control Would Help Wound Healing During the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Xiang, J., Wang, S., He, Y., Xu, L., Zhang, S., & Tang, Z. (2018) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0536-8 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
SGLT‐2 inhibitors and the risk of lower‐limb amputation: Is this a class effect?
Khouri, C., Cracowski, J., & Roustit, M. (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13255 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Markuson, M., Hanson, D., Anderson, J. W., et al. (2009) · Advances in Skin & Wound Care · doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000358639.45784.cd · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The association between clinical risk factors and outcome of diabetic foot ulcers
Apelqvist, J., & Agardh, C. (1992) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(92)90054-u · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Outcomes of hyaluronan therapy in diabetic foot wounds
Vazquez, J. R., Short, B., Findlow, A. H., et al. (2003) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00197-3 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Li, X., Xiao, T., Wang, Y., Gu, H., Liu, Z., Jiang, Y., Liu, Y., Zu-qian, L., Yang, X., Lan, Y., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.014 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Risk factors for major amputation in hospitalised diabetic foot patients
Namgoong, S., Jung, S., Han, S., Jeong, S., Dhong, E., & Kim, W. (2015) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.12526 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Maggot therapy for chronic ulcer: A retrospective cohort and a meta-analysis
Wilasrusmee, C., Marjareonrungrung, M., Eamkong, S., et al. (2014) · Asian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2013.09.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Association of Hemoglobin A1c and Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Fesseha, B., Abularrage, C. J., Hines, K. F., Sherman, R. L., Frost, P., Langan, S. J., Canner, J. K., Likes, K. C., Hosseini, S. M., Jack, G. A., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1683 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationDj, M., Malay, D., Hoffstad, O., et al. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Shatnawi, N. J., Al-Zoubi, N. A., Hawamdeh, H. M., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s165967 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Fernando, M. E., Seneviratne, R. M., Tan, Y. M., Lazzarini, P. A., Sangla, K. S., Cunningham, M., Buttner, P. G., & Golledge, J. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010764.pub2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tabur, S., Eren, M. A., Çelik, Y., et al. (2014) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-014-0630-5 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Valabhji, J., Oliver, N. S., Samarasinghe, D., et al. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02828.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lin, C.-W., Hsu, L., Chen, C., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes of toe amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tianjin, China
Chu, Y.-J., Li, X., Wang, P., et al. (2014) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.12249 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
HbA1c and Lower Extremity Amputation Risk in Patients With Diabetes
Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Yang, H.-L., & Liu, F. (2015) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734615593190 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
SIRS Is Valid in Discriminating Between Severe and Moderate Diabetic Foot Infections
Wukich, D. K., Hobizal, K. B., Raspovic, K. M., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1083 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effect of systemic insulin treatment on diabetic wound healing
Vatankhah, N., Jahangiri, Y., Landry, G. J., Moneta, G. L., & Azarbal, A. F. (2017) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/wrr.12514 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
van Asten, S. A. V., Jupiter, D. C., Mithani, M., et al. (2016) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.12574 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Connelly, J., Airey, M., & Chell, S. (2001) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01738.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brechow, A., Slesaczeck, T., Münch, D., Nanning, T., Paetzold, H., Schwanebeck, U., Bornstein, S. R., & Weck, M. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018813489719 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Edo, A., Edo, G., & Ezeani, I. (2013) · Nigerian Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0300-1652.108900 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lee, Y. K., Park, K. Y., Koo, Y. T., et al. (2014) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2014.01.047 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Change in amputation predictors in diabetic foot disease: effect of multidisciplinary approach
Aydın, K., Işıldak, M., Karakaya, J., & Gürlek, A. (2010) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-010-9355-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Thewjitcharoen, Y., Krittiyawong, S., Porramatikul, S., Parksook, W., Chatapat, L., Watchareejirachot, O., Sripatpong, J., & Himathongkam, T. (2014) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2014.10.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Associated risk factors and management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers exceeding 6 months’ duration
Musa, H. G., & Ahmed, M. E. (2012) · Diabetic Foot & Ankle · doi:10.3402/dfa.v3i0.18980 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Split-Thickness Skin Grafts for Closure of Diabetic Foot and Ankle Wounds
Ramanujam, C. L., Stapleton, J. J., Kilpadi, K. L., et al. (2010) · Foot & Ankle Specialist · doi:10.1177/1938640010375114 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Risk Factors of Treatment Failure in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients
Lee, K. M., Kim, W. H., Lee, J. H., & Choi, M. S. S. (2013) · Archives of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.5999/aps.2013.40.2.123 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dhatariya, K., Sin, E. L. P. W.-P., Cheng, J. O. S., Li, F. Y. N., Yue, A. W. Y., Gooday, C., & Nunney, I. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.10.022 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Imran, S., Ali, R., & Mahboob, G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kee, K. K., Nair, H. K. R., & Yuen, N. P. (2019) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2019.28.sup1.s4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Primary Infrainguinal Subintimal Angioplasty in Diabetic Patients
Bargellini, I., Petruzzi, P., Scatena, A., et al. (2008) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-008-9366-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Outcome of severe diabetic foot ulcers after standardised management in a specialised unit.
Hartemann, A., Van, G. H., Danan, J., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Jokinen-Gordon, H., Barry, R. C., Watson, B., et al. (2017) · Advances in Skin & Wound Care · doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000508712.86959.c9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Factors associated with amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a Saudi population
Musa, I. R., Ahmed, M. O. N., Sabir, E. I., et al. (2018) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3372-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A study of prognostic factors in Chinese patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Wang, A., Sun, X., Wang, W., & Jiang, K.-C. (2014) · Diabetic Foot & Ankle · doi:10.3402/dfa.v5.22936 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rhou, Y. J. J., Henshaw, F. R., McGill, M. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.02.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, D. D., Jamjoom, R., Alzahrani, A., Hu, F. B., & Alzahrani, H. A. (2015) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734615601542 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Akanji, A. O., Famuyiwa, O. O., & Adetuyibi, A. (1989) · QJM · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068387 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lin, C.-W., Hsu, B. R., Tsai, J.-S., Yang, H., Lin, J., Lin, C.-H., Huang, C., Hung, S., & Huang, Y. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Clinical profile and management outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital.
Mehmood, K., Akhtar, S., Talib, A., Talib, A., Abbasi, B., Siraj-ul-Salekeen, & Naqvi, I. H. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zeun, P., Gooday, C., Nunney, I., et al. (2015) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734615596892 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jeong, E.-G., Cho, S. S., Lee, S., et al. (2017) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2016.165 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Risk factors associated with poor outcome in diabetic foot ulcer patients
Saleem, S., Hayat, N., Ahmed, I., et al. (2017) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.3906/sag-1602-119 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Blumberg, S. N., & Warren, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12050 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Does Baseline Hemoglobin A1c Level Predict Diabetic Foot Ulcer Outcome or Wound Healing Time?
Vella, L., Gatt, A., & Formosa, C. (2017) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/15-176 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Almdal, T., Nielsen, A. A., Nielsen, K. E., Jørgensen, M. E., Rasmussen, A., Hangaard, S., Siersma, V., & Holstein, P. (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Barberán, J., Granizo, J.-J., Aguilar, L., et al. (2010) · Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2009.12.017 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Golinko, M. S., Margolis, D. J., Tal, A. L., et al. (2009) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00527.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Evidence based review of literature on detriments to healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Lefrancois, T., Mehta, K. V., Sullivan, V., et al. (2016) · Foot and Ankle Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.fas.2016.04.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Aragón‐Sánchez, J., & Lázaro‐Martínez, J. L. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.09.009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Split-Thickness Skin Grafts to the Foot and Ankle of Diabetic Patients
Sanniec, K. J., Nguyen, T., van Asten, S. A. V., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/15-200 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Soewondo, P., Suyono, S., Sastrosuwignyo, M. K., et al. (2017) · Acta medica Indonesiana · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Predictive Laboratory Findings of Lower Extremity Amputation in Diabetic Patients: Meta-analysis
Kim, J.-L., Shin, J. Y., Roh, S., et al. (2017) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/1534734617737660 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Laganà, G., Venza, N., Paoloni, V., et al. (2018) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2018/31188.11099 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Perioperative Laboratory Assessment of Diabetic Foot Infections Undergoing Amputation
Highlander, P. D., & Shinabarger, A. B. (2013) · Foot & Ankle Specialist · doi:10.1177/1938640013496845 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A retrospective study of ABI and TBI during the healing of ulcer among diabetic patients
Zubair, M., Alamri, M. M., & Ahmad, J. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.018 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Darvishi, M., Nazer, M. R., & Alipour, M. R. (2017) · Biomedical Research-tokyo · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Glycosylated hemoglobin and hyperbaric oxygen coverage denials.
Moffat, A. D., Er, W., & Weaver, L. K. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Is Hemoglobin Concentration a Predictor for the Outcome of Distal Gangrenous Lesions in Diabetics?
Wetter, L. A., Lithner, F., & Hallmans, G. (1984) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08737.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [11]Association AD. 6. Glycemic Targets:. Diabetes Care 2020; 43: S66– S76. 31862749
- [18]Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, VA W, Eds. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons. PMC10284251 31643080
- [42]Ali SM, Basit A, Fawwad A, Ahmedani MY, Miyan Z, Malik R. Presentation and outcome of diabetic foot at a tertiary care unit. Pak J Med Sci 2008; 24: 651– 6.
- [51]Chetpet A, Dikshit B, Phalgune D. Evaluation a risk score for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot infections. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research 2018; 12: 14– 9.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Armstrong, D. G., Tan, T.-W., Boulton, A. J. M., & Bus, S. A. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.10578 · Cited by 1,658 · see citing works
Gornik, H. L., Aronow, H. D., Goodney, P. P., Arya, S., Brewster, L. P., Byrd, L., Chandra, V., Drachman, D. E., Eaves, J. M., Ehrman, J. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.013 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lane, K. L., Abusamaan, M. S., Voss, B. F., Thurber, E. G., Al-Hajri, N., Gopakumar, S., Le, J. T., Gill, S., Blanck, J., Prichett, L., Hicks, C. W., Sherman, R. L., Abularrage, C. J., & Mathioudakis, N. N.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mathioudakis, Nestoras N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 107638
- ISSN
- 0891-6632 (ISSN-L)
- 1056-8727
- PMC
- PMC7721205
- OpenAlex
- W3027493620
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes and its Complications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetic foot ulcer, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, lower limb amputation, wound healing, hyperglycemia, risk of bias
- MeSH terms
- Glycemic Control, Humans, Diabetic Foot, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
