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Theory of mind in emerging reading comprehension: A longitudinal study of early indirect and direct effects

Atkinson, Lynette, Slade, Lance, Powell, Daisy, Levy, Joseph P.·2017·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.007
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Abstract

The relation between children's theory of mind (ToM) and emerging reading comprehension was investigated in a longitudinal study over 2.5years. A total of 80 children were tested for ToM, decoding, language skills, and executive function (EF) at Time 1 (mean age=3;10 [years;months]). At Time 2 (mean age=6;03), children's word reading efficiency, language skills, and reading comprehension were measured. Mediation analysis showed that ToM at Time 1, when children were around 4years old, indirectly predicted Time 2 reading comprehension, when children were 6years old, via language ability after controlling for age, nonverbal ability, decoding, EF, and earlier language ability. Importantly, ToM at 4years also directly predicted reading comprehension 2.5years later at 6years. This is the first longitudinal study to show a direct contribution of ToM to reading comprehension in typical development. Findings are discussed in terms of the simple view of reading (SVR); ToM not only supports reading comprehension indirectly by facilitating language but also contributes to it directly over and above the SVR. The potential role of metacognition is considered when accounting for the direct contribution of early ToM to later reading comprehension.

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Metadata

Authors
Atkinson, L., Slade, L., Powell, D., & Levy, J. P.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-12
Volume
164
Pages
225-238
ISSN
0022-0965
DOI
10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.007
Cited by
86
References
6
Language
en
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Theory of mind in emerging reading comprehension: A longitudinal study of early indirect and direct effects. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.007
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Atkinson, L., Slade, L., Powell, D., & Levy, J. P. (2017). Theory of mind in emerging reading comprehension: A longitudinal study of early indirect and direct effects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.007