The source and fate of sediment and mercury in the Tapajós River, Pará, Brazilian Amazon: Ground-and space-based evidence
Abstract
We present results of mercury (Hg) in surface waters and soils and an analysis of satellite imagery from the Tapajós River basin, Brazilian Amazon, and the Reserva Garimpeira do Tapajós, the legal gold mining district of the basin. Hg bound to suspended sediment was roughly 600 and 200 times the concentration of dissolved Hg per litre of water, in impacted and pristine areas, respectively. Suspended sediments thus represent the major pathway of river-borne Hg. Median concentrations of Hg in suspended load from both impacted and pristine waters were 134 ppb, and 80% of samples were below 300ppb-in the range of naturally occurring surficial materials in the tropics. Regionally, riverine Hg fluxes were proportional to the concentration of total suspended solids. This shows that the dominant source of Hg is the sediment itself rather than anthropogenic mercury discharge from the small-scale mines. To independently test this conclusion, a mass balance was performed. A conservative calculation of the annual export of mercury (Hg) from the Creporí River (a minimum) was 1.6 tonnes for the year 1998-it could be significantly larger. This amount of Hg is difficult to account for by anthropogenic discharge alone, confirming that enhanced physical erosion caused by sluicing and dredging operations is the dominant source of Hg. We therefore conclude that gold mining operations are primarily responsible for elevated Hg concentrations. The dominant source of contamination is not, however, t…
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Many studies have already shown mercury contamination in the fauna of the Tapajós River Basin at least two decades ago.
“Many studies have already shown mercury contamination in the fauna of the Tapajós River Basin at least two decades ago [55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65].”
From Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
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Mercury Exposure Assessment Of South River Floodplain Birds
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Sohn, H. (2025) · Even3 Publicações eBooks · doi:10.29327/5675052
Oliveira, C., Bandeira, M. G. D. S., Pereira, S. L. A., & Domingos, F. X. V. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11244851/v1
- Authors
- Telmer
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-113
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977211050
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Mine drainage and remediation techniques
- Keywords
- mercury contamination, Tapajós River, gold mining, suspended sediment, mercury mass balance, soil erosion, satellite imagery, mercury remediation, Amazon basin
- MeSH terms
- Brazil, Mercury, Soil, Time Factors, Satellite Communications, Geologic Sediments, Rivers
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