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Cited by 90Mercury impact and mitigation studiesIndigenous Health and EducationHeavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity

Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results

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Basta, Paulo Cesar, Viana, Paulo Victor de Sousa, Vasconcellos, Ana Claudia Santiago de, Périssé, André Reynaldo Santos, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Paiva, Natalia Santana, Kempton, Joseph William, Ciampi de Andrade, Daniel +9 more·2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph18179222PMC PMC8430525
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Abstract

The Amazonian indigenous peoples depend on natural resources to live, but human activities’ growing impacts threaten their health and livelihoods. Our objectives were to present the principal results of an integrated and multidisciplinary analysis of the health parameters and assess the mercury (Hg) exposure levels in indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon. We carried out a cross-sectional study based on a census of three Munduruku indigenous villages (Sawré Muybu, Poxo Muybu, and Sawré Aboy), located in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land, between 29 October and 9 November 2019. The investigation included: (i) sociodemographic characterization of the participants; (ii) health assessment; (iii) genetic polymorphism analysis; (iv) hair mercury determination; and (v) fish mercury determination. We used the logistic regression model with conditional Prevalence Ratio (PR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) to explore factors associated with mercury exposure levels ≥6.0 µg/g. A total of 200 participants were interviewed. Mercury levels (197 hair samples) ranged from 1.4 to 23.9 μg/g, with significant differences between the villages (Kruskal–Wallis test: 19.9; p-value < 0.001). On average, the general prevalence of Hg exposure ≥ 6.0 µg/g was 57.9%. For participants ≥12 years old, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g showed associated with no regular income (PR: 1.3; CI95%: 1.0–1.8), high blood pressure (PR: 1.6; CI95%: 1.3–2.1) and was more prominent in Sawré Aboy village (PR: 1.8; CI95%: 1.3–2.3). For women of childbearing age, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g was associated with high blood pressure (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.2–2.3), with pregnancy (PR: 1.5; CI95%: 1.0–2.1) and was more prominent among residents in Poxo Muybu (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.0–3.4) and Sawré Aboy (PR: 2.5; CI95%: 1.4–4.4) villages. Our findings suggest that chronic mercury exposure causes harmful effects to the studied indigenous communities, especially considering vulnerable groups of the population, such as women of childbearing age. Lastly, we propose to stop the illegal mining in these areas and develop a risk management plan that aims to ensure the health, livelihoods, and human rights of the indigenous people from Amazon Basin.

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  • The analysis of mercury levels in hair of the Munduruku population revealed that there are individuals which presented mercury levels above 20 μg/g.

    “The analysis of the mercury levels in hair of the Munduruku population revealed that, in fact, there are individuals which presented mercury levels above 20 µg/g (more details in Basta et al. [34]).”

    From Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2021) · cites this paper as Basta et al. [34]

  • The mean mercury level in male hair was 8.83 μg/g (SD: 4.56) and in women of childbearing age, the mean hair mercury level was 7.71 μg/g (SD: 3.88).

    “The mean mercury level in male hair was 8.83 µg/g (SD: 4.56) and in women of childbearing age, the mean hair mercury level was 7.71 µg/g (SD: 3.88).”

    From Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

    Results §3.2.1 reports an overall hair-mercury mean of 7.7 µg/g (SD 4.5) and some village-specific means for men and women. Searches for 8.83, 7.71, and the claimed subgroup statistics found no passage in our copy reporting either claimed mean and SD. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Basta, P. C., Viana, P. V. D. S., Vasconcellos, A. C. S. D., Périssé, A. R. S., Hofer, C. B., Paiva, N. S., Kempton, J. W., Ciampi de Andrade, D., Oliveira, R. A. A. D., Achatz, R. W., Perini, J. A., Meneses, H. D. N. D. M., Hallwass, G., Lima, M. D. O., Jesus, I. M. D., Santos, C. C. R. D., & Hacon, S. D. S.
Affiliations
  • Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (BR)
  • Laboratório de Educação Profissional em Vigilância em Saúde, Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (EPSJV/Fiocruz), Av. Brazil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
  • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
  • Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva (IESC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Horácio Macedo, s/n, Ilha do Fundão-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
  • St Mary's Hospital (GB)
  • Centro de Dor, Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste (BR)
  • Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (BR)
  • Ministério da Saúde (BR)
  • Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Rio Tapajós (DSEI), Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena Tapajós (Sesai), Av. Santa Catarina, 10° Rua, nº 96, Bairro Bela Vista, Itaituba 68180-210, Brazil
Corresponding author
Basta, Paulo Cesar
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-01
Volume
18
Issue
17
Pages
9222
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph18179222
PMC
PMC8430525
OpenAlex
W3197411056
Cited by
90
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5
FWCI
4.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Arca - Repositório Institucional da Fiocruz (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Indigenous Health and Education
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Keywords
mercury exposure, hair mercury, mercury in fish, genetic polymorphism, hypertension, pregnancy, childbearing age women, socioeconomic factors, environmental health, Brazilian Amazon
MeSH terms
Animals, Brazil, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Fishes, Gold, Humans, Mercury, Mining, Population Groups

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