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Cited by 176Insect Utilization and EffectsComposting and Vermicomposting TechniquesForensic Entomology and Diptera Studies

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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing carbon and nitrogen conversion in food wastes by the black soldier fly

Pang, Wancheng, Hou, Dejia, Chen, Jiangshan, Nowar, Elhosseny E., Li, Zongtian, Hu, Ronggui, Tomberlin, Jeffery K., Yu, Ziniu, Li, Qing, Wang, Shucai·2020·Journal of Environmental Management
DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110066
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Abstract

Currently, sustainable utilisation, including recycling and valorisation, is becoming increasingly relevant in environmental management. The wastes bioconversion by the black soldier fly larva (BSFL) has two potential advantages: the larvae can convert the carbon and nitrogen in the biomass waste, and improve the properties of the substrate to reduce the loss of gaseous carbon and nitrogen. In the present study, the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen and the emissions of greenhouse gases and NH 3 during BSFL bio-treatment of food waste were investigated under different pH conditions. The results showed that the pH of the raw materials is a pivotal parameter affecting the process. The average wet weight of harvested BSFL was 13.26-95.28 mg/larva, with about 1.95-13.41% and 5.40-18.93% of recycled carbon and nitrogen from substrate at a pH from 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. Furthermore, pH is adversely correlated with CO 2 emissions, but positively with NH 3 emissions. Cumulative CO 2, NH 3, CH 4 and N 2 O emissions at pH ranging from 3.0 to 11.0 were 88.15-161.11 g kg-1, 0.15-1.68 g kg-1, 0.19-2.62 mg kg-1 and 0.02-1.65 mg kg-1, respectively. Compared with the values in open composting, BSFL bio-treatment of food waste could lead greenhouse gas (especially CH 4 and N 2 O) and NH 3 emissions to decrease. Therefore, a higher pH value of the substrate can increase the larval output and help the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

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  • 80-90% water content is adequate for BSFL feeding substrate.

    “Lalander et al. [38] studied the BSF composting process efficiency by providing ventilation and found that 80-90% water content is adequate for BSFL feeding substrate.”

    From A Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) (2022) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Higher air circulation during BSFL composting maintains a relatively constant waste temperature of about 30 °C for optimum waste consumption by BSFL.

    “The rapid composting of BSFL occurs in the mesophilic phase; BSFL continues to transform the substrate, while higher air circulation during the BSFL composting process maintains a relatively constant waste temperature (about 30 °C) for optimum waste consumption by BSFL [31].”

    From Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

  • The rapid composting of BSFL occurs in the mesophilic phase.

    “The rapid composting of BSFL occurs in the mesophilic phase; BSFL continues to transform the substrate, while higher air circulation during the BSFL composting process maintains a relatively constant waste temperature (about 30 °C) for optimum waste consumption by BSFL [31].”

    From Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

  • BSFL frass production has contributed to recycling nutrients from food waste and prevented environmental harm from greenhouse gas emissions and soil/water contamination by leachates.

    “Therefore, in ecological perspectives, BSFL frass production has contributed to the recycling of nutrients from food waste and has prevented the environment from becoming a concern owing to the emission of greenhouse gases and soil/water contamination with poisonous chemicals and nutrients from leachates [31,40].”

    From Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

  • BSFL tend to crawl out of treatment container as high moisture content leads to lower temperature for BSFL to live at, as they need mesophilic temperature (~30) for optimum waste conversion.

    “The BSFL also tend to crawl out of the treatment container as high moisture content will lead to a lower temperature for BSFL to live at as they need a mesophilic temperature (~30) for optimum waste conversion [31].”

    From Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

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Metadata

Authors
Pang, W., Hou, D., Chen, J., Nowar, E. E., Li, Z., Hu, R., Tomberlin, J. K., Yu, Z., Li, Q., & Wang, S.
Affiliations
  • Huazhong Agricultural University (CN)
  • Benha University (EG)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Li, Qing
  • Wang, Shucai
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Environmental Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-04
Volume
260
Pages
110066
ISSN
0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110066
OpenAlex
W3000674282
Cited by
176
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 9
FWCI
15.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Basic Research Program of China (2018YFD0500203)
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662017JC026, 2662017JC045)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Utilization and Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Keywords
Hermetia illucens, food waste, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon conversion, nitrogen transformation, substrate pH, ammonia emissions, methane emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, CO2 emissions, waste valorization, biotransformation
MeSH terms
Greenhouse Gases, Animals, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Food, Methane, Nitrogen, Refuse Disposal, Simuliidae

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