Adaptive multi-paddock grazing increases soil carbon stocks and decreases the carbon footprint of beef production in Ontario, Canada
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Adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing has been promoted to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks over continuously grazed (CG) pastures; however, the evidence for this is still limited, both in terms of the number of studies conducted and the climates and biomes they cover. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of grazing management on pasture SOC stocks and to incorporate this SOC sequestration into a life cycle assessment on the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity (or carbon footprint) of Ontario beef production. Soil cores collected from AMP and CG pastures and annual row crop fields in southern Ontario showed that pastures managed with AMP grazing had significantly higher SOC stocks than CG pastures. Both pastures had SOC stocks higher than annual cropland, resulting in a sequestration rate of 0.957 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 for AMP and 0.507 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 for CG. Without consideration of SOC sequestration, the GHG intensity of beef production is 13.10 kg CO 2 eq kg LW -1 , while including SOC sequestration decreased this intensity by 42% for CG pastures and by 65% for AMP. These results illustrate the importance of including pasture SOC sequestration into beef carbon footprint assessments and should encourage the adoption of AMP grazing in temperate regions to achieve environmental goals.
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Initial evidence from beef LCAs incorporating AMP grazing induced SOC accrual suggests substantial GHG mitigation potential, with reported reductions from 65 to 169% lower relative to footprints without SOC offsets.
“Initial evidence from beef life cycle assessments (LCAs) incorporating AMP grazing induced SOC accrual suggest substantial GHG mitigation potential.Relative to GHG footprints calculated without considering offsets from SOC accrual, reported GHG footprints incorporating measured SOC accrual suggested reductions from 65 to 169% lower (Mehre et al., 2024;Rowntree et al., 2020;Stanley et al., 2018).”
From Impact of 10 years of adaptive multi-paddock grazing on soil carbon and beef's greenhouse gas footprint in the US Upper Midwest (2026) · cites this paper as Mehre et al., 2024
Existing studies on AMP and SOC have generally relied on space-for-time comparisons rather than longitudinal data.
“Existing studies on AMP and SOC have generally relied on space-for-time comparisons rather than longitudinal data (Machmuller et al., 2015;Mehre et al., 2024;Rowntree et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2015), focused on cropland-to-pasture transitions (Machmuller et al., 2015;Mehre et al., 2024;Rowntree et al., 2020), or evaluated only short-term shifts from conventional grazing (Stanley et al., 2018).”
From Impact of 10 years of adaptive multi-paddock grazing on soil carbon and beef's greenhouse gas footprint in the US Upper Midwest (2026) · cites this paper as Mehre et al., 2024
Existing studies on AMP and SOC have focused on cropland-to-pasture transitions.
“focused on cropland-to-pasture transitions (Machmuller et al., 2015;Mehre et al., 2024;Rowntree et al., 2020)”
From Impact of 10 years of adaptive multi-paddock grazing on soil carbon and beef's greenhouse gas footprint in the US Upper Midwest (2026) · cites this paper as Mehre et al., 2024
Attempts to measure grazing-induced changes in SOC and incorporate them into LCAs have been sparse in the literature and have yielded widely variable results.
“Attempts to measure grazing-induced changes in SOC and incorporate them into LCAs have been sparse in the literature and have yielded widely variable results (Lupo et al., 2013;Mehre et al., 2024;Pelletier et al., 2010;Rowntree et al., 2020; see SI Section A.3.4 for a direct comparison with these studies).”
From Impact of 10 years of adaptive multi-paddock grazing on soil carbon and beef's greenhouse gas footprint in the US Upper Midwest (2026) · cites this paper as Mehre et al., 2024
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Garcia, L., Stanley, P. L., Sacramento, J. P., Dillon, J. A., Thorbecke, M., Thompson, L. R., Ambike, V., Sharma, P., Xu, S., Chiavegato, M. B., et al. (2026) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104879 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mehre, J., Schneider, K., Jayasundara, S., Gillespie, A., & Wagner-Riddle, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mehre, Jessica
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 371
- Pages
- 123255
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4404261186
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2021-03456)
- Beef Cattle Research Council (ENV.07.20)
- Beef Farmers of Ontario (054838)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Keywords
- adaptive multi-paddock grazing, soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration, beef production, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas intensity, grazing management, continuous grazing, pasture management
- MeSH terms
- Greenhouse Gases, Agriculture, Animals, Carbon, Cattle, Ontario, Soil, Carbon Footprint
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