Leaves, seeds and exocarp of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae): A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, resource utilization and toxicity

Parkinson's disease

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Meta‐analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease

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Biology and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba

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Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease

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Multifaceted Therapeutic Benefits of Ginkgo biloba L.: Chemistry, Efficacy, Safety, and Uses

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Ginkgetin derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves enhances the therapeutic effect of cisplatin via ferroptosis-mediated disruption of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in EGFR wild-type non-small-cell lung cancer

Lou, J.-S., Zhao, L.-P., Huang, Z.-H., Chen, X.-Y., Xu, J.-T., Tai, W., Tsim, K. W. K., Chen, Y., & Xie, T. (2020) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153370 · Cited by 351 · see citing works

Ginkgo biloba Extracts: A Review of the Pharmacokinetics of the Active Ingredients

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Chemistry and Biology of Terpene Trilactones fromGinkgo Biloba

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Antioxidant effects of ginkgolides and bilobalide against cerebral ischemia injury by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo

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Review of Ginkgo biloba -induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports

Mei, N., Guo, X., Ren, Z., Kobayashi, D., Wada, K., & Guo, L. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C · doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1278298 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Gingko biloba fruit extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for J55 steel in CO2 saturated 3.5% NaCl solution

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The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review

Feng, Z., Sun, Q., Chen, W., Bai, Y. T., Hu, D., & Xie, X. (2019) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Pharmacological Studies Supporting the Therapeutic Use of Ginkgo biloba Extract for Alzheimer’s Disease

Ahlemeyer, B., & Krieglstein, J. (2003) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2003-40454 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides

Chen, J., Zhang, T., Jiang, B., Mu, W., & Miao, M. (2011) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.083 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Efficient extraction of proanthocyanidin from Ginkgo biloba leaves employing rationally designed deep eutectic solvent-water mixture and evaluation of the antioxidant activity

Cao, J., Chen, L., Li, M., Cao, F., Zhao, L., & Su, E. (2018) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.007 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Structure, synthesis, biosynthesis, and activity of the characteristic compounds from Ginkgo biloba L.

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Extraction, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba: A review

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In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba L.

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Ginkgo biloba and Ginkgotoxin

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Ginkgolic acids induce neuronal death and activate protein phosphatase type-2C

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Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgolide B Against Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Current Literature

Nabavi, S. F., Habtemariam, S., Daglia, M., Braidy, N., Loizzo, M. R., Tundis, R., & Nabavi, S. M. (2015) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026615666150610142647 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

One water-soluble polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba leaves with antidepressant activities via modulation of the gut microbiome

Chen, P., Hei, M., Kong, L., Liu, Y., Yu, Y., Mu, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, S., & Duan, J. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo01178a · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Biflavones from Ginkgo biloba as inhibitors of human thrombin

Chen, T., Wei, L.-H., Guan, X., et al. (2019) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103199 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Purification, characterization, and molecular gene cloning of an antifungal protein from Ginkgo biloba seeds

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Ginkgolic acid suppresses the development of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting pathways driving lipogenesis

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Synergy of Ginkgetin and Resveratrol in Suppressing VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis: A Therapy in Treating Colorectal Cancer

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An antivitamin B6, 4'-methoxypyridoxine, from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L.

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Effect of different drying methods on product quality, bioactive and toxic components of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Boateng, I. D., & Yang, X. (2020) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.10958 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Can We Use Ginkgo biloba Extract to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease? Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Xie, L., Zhu, Q., & Lu, J. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11030479 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Antitumor Effects of Ginkgolic Acid in Human Cancer Cell Occur via Cell Cycle Arrest and Decrease the Bcl-2/Bax Ratio to Induce Apoptosis

Zhou, C., Li, X., Du, W. D., et al. (2010) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000317750 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

In vitro antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba leaves

Ren, Q., Chen, J., Ding, Y., Cheng, J., Yang, S. Y., Ding, Z., Dai, Q., & Zhi-en, D. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.276 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Effect of Partial Acid Hydrolysis and Heat‐Moisture Treatment on Formation of Resistant Tuber Starch

Shin, S., Byun, J., Park, K. H., et al. (2004) · Cereal Chemistry · doi:10.1094/cchem.2004.81.2.194 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba

Tang, Y., Lou, F., Wang, J., et al. (2001) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00320-x · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Preparative isolation and dual column high-performance liquid chromatography of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba

van Beek, T. A., & Wintermans, M. S. (2001) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01194-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in Parkinson’s disease

Yu, D., Zhang, P., Li, J., Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Lu, X., & Fan, X. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2020.06.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Evidence for toxic effects of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba in the hen's egg test (HET)

Baron-Ruppert, G., & Luepke, N.-P. (2001) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00022 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Targeted metabolomic profiling of cardioprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba L. extract on myocardial ischemia in rats

Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Ren, T., et al. (2016) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.005 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Structure characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Ginkgo biloba

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Evidence for immunotoxic effects of crude Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts using the popliteal lymph node assay in the mouse

Koch, E., Jaggy, H., & Chatterjee, S. S. (2000) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(99)00080-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Thermal and non-thermal processing affect Maillard reaction products, flavor, and phytochemical profiles of Ginkgo biloba seed

Boateng, I. D., & Yang, X. (2021) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101044 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Purification and characterization of an antioxidant protein from Ginkgo biloba seeds

Huang, W., Deng, Q., Xie, B., et al. (2009) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2009.08.015 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Advances in the study of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves

Cheng, S., Xu, F., & Wang, Y. (2009) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr.9000047 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Toxicity of 4′-O-methylpyridoxine-5′-glucoside in Ginkgo biloba seeds

Kobayashi, D., Yoshimura, T., Johno, A., et al. (2010) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Bilobalide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety

Lu, J., Xie, L., Liu, K., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Dai, X., Liang, Y., Cao, Y. L., & Li, X. (2021) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7220 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of the active constituents in Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of pulmonary diseases

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A critical review of current technologies used to reduce ginkgotoxin, ginkgotoxin-5′-glucoside, ginkgolic acid, allergic glycoprotein, and cyanide in Ginkgo biloba L. seed

Boateng, I. D. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132408 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Ginkgolide A Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo

Li, Y., Wu, Y., Yao, X., Fang, H., Yu, C., Bao, Y., Wu, Y., Song, Z., Sun, Y., Zheng, L., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18040794 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Tailor-Made Deep Eutectic Solvents for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Aromatic Acids from Ginkgo biloba Leaves

Cao, J., Wang, H., Zhang, W., Cao, F., Ge-li, M., & Su, E. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23123214 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Advances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L.

Li, R., Xia, Z., Li, B., et al. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26134011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic ApoE-/- Mice by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Restoration of Autophagy through the mTOR Signaling Pathway

Tian, J., Popal, M. S., Liu, Y., Gao, R., Lyu, S., Chen, K., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/8134678 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Separation and characterization of chemical constituents in Ginkgo biloba extract by off-line hydrophilic interaction × reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry

Ji, S., He, D., Wang, T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.057 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta polysaccharide inhibits inflammatory responses through suppressing both NF‐κB and MAPK signaling pathway

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Ginkgo biloba L. seed; A comprehensive review of bioactives, toxicants, and processing effects

Boateng, I. D., & Yang, X. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114281 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Ginkgolic acid induces interplay between apoptosis and autophagy regulated by ROS generation in colon cancer

Liu, Y., Yang, B., Zhang, L., Cong, X., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Zhang, J., & Hu, H. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.091 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Bilobalide Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPK Signaling Pathway

Bu, S., Yuan, C. Y., Quan, X., Chen, Y., & Cao, F. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24193503 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves growth, intestinal histomorphometry, immunity, antioxidant status and modulates transcription of cytokine genes in hapa-reared Oreochromis niloticus

Abdel‐Latif, H. M. R., Hendam, B. M., Nofal, M. I., & El-Son, M. A. M. (2021) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Structure and functional properties of starches from Chinese ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) nuts

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Ginkgo biloba extract improves brain uptake of ginsenosides by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability via activating A1 adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Liang, W., Xu, W., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Gu, Q., Li, Y., Guo, C., Huang, Y., Yu, J., Wang, W., et al. (2019) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112243 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on A53T α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Kuang, S., Yang, L., Rao, Z., et al. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2017.268 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Kaempferol coumaroyl glucorhamnoside from Ginkgo biloba

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Efficient removal of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves crude extract by using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

Dong, Q., Cao, J., Wu, R., Shi, T., Zhang, W., Cao, F., Wang, G., & Su, E. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113462 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

A simple HPLC-UV method for the assay of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts

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Analysis of Ginkgo biloba for the Presence of Ginkgotoxin and Ginkgotoxin 5′-Glucoside

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Removal of ginkgotoxin from the Ginkgo biloba seeds powder by adopting membrane separation technology

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Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Powder on the Physicochemical Properties and Quality Characteristics of Wheat Dough and Fresh Wet Noodles

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Apoptosis of hepatoma cells SMMC-7721 induced byGinkgo bilobaseed polysaccharide

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Cytotoxicity of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba

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Rapid Analysis of 4-O-Methylpyridoxine in the Serum of Patients with Ginkgo Biloba Seed Poisoning by Ion-Pair High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of N6-benzyladenosine analogues as potential anti-toxoplasma agents

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Properties and Interaction of Heterologously Expressed Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoenzymes GAD65kDaand GAD67kDafrom Human Brain with Ginkgotoxin and Its 5‘-Phosphate

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Chemical constituents from Ginkgo biloba leaves and their cytotoxicity activity

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A novel substance with allelopathic activity in Ginkgo biloba

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Ginkgolide A contributes to the potentiation of acetaminophen toxicity by Ginkgo biloba extract in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

Rajaraman, G., Chen, J., & Chang, T. K. H. (2006) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.09.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

The fatty acid composition of the seeds ofGinkgo biloba

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Purification and Characterization of a Novel ~18 kDa Antioxidant Protein from Ginkgo biloba Seeds

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Erratum to “Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic ApoE-/- Mice by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Restoration of Autophagy through the mTOR Signaling Pathway”

Tian, J., Popal, M. S., Liu, Y., Gao, R., Lyu, S., Chen, K., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/3084083 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Ginkgetin alleviates high glucose‐evoked mesangial cell oxidative stress injury, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in an AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy axis

Wei, L., Pan, J., Erjiong, H., et al. (2021) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.13915 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

A new polysaccharide from leaf of Ginkgo biloba L

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Enhanced anti-amnestic effect of donepezil by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) via further improvement in pro-cholinergic and antioxidative activities

Zhao, J., Li, K., Wang, Y., Li, D., Wang, Q., Xie, S., Wang, J., & Zuo, Z. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113711 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Ginkgo biloba seed exocarp: A waste resource with abundant active substances and other components for potential applications

Wang, H., Shi, M., Cao, F., et al. (2022) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111637 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of Ginkgo biloba Tea Extract

Klomsakul, P., Aiumsubtub, A., & Chalopagorn, P. (2022) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2022/4806889 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Effect of Bacillus natto solid‐state fermentation on the functional constituents and properties of Ginkgo seeds

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Cytotoxic effect of Ginkgo biloba kernel extract on HCT116 and A2058 cancer cell lines

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Anti-Obesity Effect of Ginkgo Vinegar, a Fermented Product of Ginkgo Seed Coat, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells

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Amikacin ototoxicity enhanced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)

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Profile of the main bioactive compounds and in vitro biological activity of different solvent extracts from Ginkgo biloba exocarp

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Ginkgo bilobaprotects striatal neurodegeneration and gut phagoinflammatory damage in rotenone‐induced mice model of Parkinson's disease: Role of executioner caspase‐3/Nrf2/ ARE signaling

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Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Protects HepG2 Cells Against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage

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A new bilobalide isomer and two cis-coumaroylated flavonol glycosides from Ginkgo biloba leaves

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Characterization of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Flavonoids as Neuroexocytosis Regulators

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Discovery and Characterization of the Biflavones From Ginkgo biloba as Highly Specific and Potent Inhibitors Against Human Carboxylesterase 2

Song, Y., He, R.-J., Pu, D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.655659 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Comparison study of 4′-O-methylpyridoxine analogues in Ginkgo biloba seeds from different regions of China

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Large-scale targetedly isolation of biflavonoids with high purity from industrial waste Ginkgo biloba exocarp using two-dimensional chromatography coupled with macroporous adsorption resin enrichment

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Water-soluble polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba leaves

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