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Cited by 297

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence

Open access
Heflick, Nathan A., Goldenberg, Jamie L., Cooper, Douglas P., Puvia, Elisa·2011·Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
DOI 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020
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Abstract

Most literally, objectification refers to perceiving a person as an object, and consequently, less than fully human. Research on perceptions of humanness and the stereotype content model suggests that humanness is linked to perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Merging these insights with objectification theory, we hypothesized that focusing on a woman's, but not a man's, appearance should induce objectification, and thus reduce perceptions of these characteristics. In three studies, females, but not males, were perceived as less competent (Studies 2 and 3) and less warm and moral (Studies 1, 2 and 3) when participants were instructed to focus on their appearance. These findings support our position and help rule out stereotype activation as an alternative explanation to dehumanization. Further, they generalized to targets of different races, familiarity, physical attractiveness and occupational status. Implications for gender inequity and the perpetuation of objectification of women are discussed.

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Metadata

Authors
Heflick, N. A., Goldenberg, J. L., Cooper, D. P., & Puvia, E.
Venue
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-05
Volume
47
Issue
3
Pages
572-581
ISSN
0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020
OpenAlex
W2006116925
Cited by
297
References
66
FWCI
35.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020
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Heflick, N. A., Goldenberg, J. L., Cooper, D. P., & Puvia, E. (2011). From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.