Cited by 446Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removalThermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesCarbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from waste biomass

Tay, Turgay, Ucar, Suat, Karagöz, Selhan·2009·Journal of Hazardous Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.011

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials are good and cheap precursors for the production of activated carbon. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from the pyrolysis of soybean oil cake at 600 and 800 degrees C by chemical activation with K(2)CO(3) and KOH. The influence of temperature and type of chemical reagents on the porosity development was investigated and discussed. K(2)CO(3) was found more effective than KOH as a chemical reagent under identical conditions in terms of both porosity development and yields of the activated carbons. The maximum surface area (1352.86 m(2)g(-1)) was obtained at 800 degrees C with K(2)CO(3) activation which lies in the range of commercial activated carbons. Elemental analyses of the activated carbons indicate insignificant sulphur content for all activated carbons. The ash and sulphur contents of the activated carbons obtained with chemical activation by K(2)CO(3) were lower than those by chemical activation with KOH.

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Method
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Background
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Method
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“The experimental details for the preparation of activated carbon can be found in a previous report [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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“prepared biochar from the pyrolysis of chemically activated soybean oil cake with K2CO3 and KO at 600 ◦C and 800 ◦C [55].”
Method
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Background
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“Both higher temperatures and molten NaOH-Na 2 CO 3 promote the decrease of nitrogen content of char, and the decrease of nitrogen content in soot-like may be related to the decrease of N-containing compounds in volatiles [39,40].”
Background
TriMOF synergized on the surface of activated carbon produced from pineapple leaves for the environmental pollutant reduction and oxygen evolution process
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Roles of Graphene Oxide in Hydrothermal Carbonization and Microwave Irradiation of Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles To Produce Supercapacitor Electrodes
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High-grade activated carbon from pyrolytic biochar of Jatropha and Karanja oil seed cakes—Indian biodiesel industry wastes
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“…treated with agents, such as metal chlorides (AlCl3, ZnCl2), bases (NaOH, KOH), carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3) and acids (H2SO4, H3PO4) (Guo and Lua 1999; Hayashi et al. 2000; Tay, Ucar, and Karagöz 2009; Liou 2010; Aravindhan, Rao, and Nair 2009; Toprak and Kopac 2017; Kopac, Kırca, and Toprak 2017).”
Background
Preparation and characteristic of high surface area lignin-based porous carbon by potassium tartrate activation
Guo, D., Hu, D., Yan, Z., Yuan, K., Sha, L., Zhao, H., Chen, J., & Liu, B. (2021) · Microporous and Mesoporous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111340 · Cited by 31
Mechanical characterization of arhar biomass based porous nano activated carbon polymer composites
Prakash, M. O., Gujjala, R., Panchal, M., & Ojha, S. (2020) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.25602 · Cited by 31
Phosphoric acid activation of recalcitrant biomass originated in ethanol production from banana plants
Romero-Anaya, A. J., Molina, A., García, P., Colorado, Á. A. R., Linares-Solano, A., & de Lecea, C. S.-M. (2010) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.007 · Cited by 30
Optimization of high surface area activated carbon production from Enteromorpha prolifra with low-dose activating agent
Gao, Y., Yue, Q., Sun, Y., Xiao, J., Gao, B., Zhao, P., & Yu, H. (2015) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.12.048 · Cited by 30
A review on activated carbons (AC) for CO2 capture applications: preparation, characterisation and surface modification methods
Sathishkumar, R., & Prakash, R. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136521 · Cited by 34
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Jiang, G., Liu, L., Xiong, J., Luo, Y., Cai, L., Qian, Y., Wang, H., Mu, L., Feng, X. F., Lü, X., et al. (2022) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202100479 · Cited by 29
Tailoring mesoporous and macroporous structures in activated carbon from NaOH-pretreated oak for superior supercapacitors
Lim, M.-S., Kang, S. H., Song, D.-Y., Chae, J. S., Lee, J., Lee, Y., & Roh, K. C. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.112729 · Cited by 28
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Ahmed, A., & Aidi, H. (2025) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-36886-3 · Cited by 33
A study on the porosity development for biomass based carbonaceous materials
Varol, E. A., & Erülken, Y. (2015) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2015.03.003 · Cited by 28
Characterization of the Activated Carbon Surface of Cherry Stones Prepared by Sodium and Potassium Hydroxide
Erdoğan, F. O. (2015) · Analytical Letters · doi:10.1080/00032719.2015.1065879 · Cited by 27
Alkaline activation of coals and carbon-base materials
Таmarkina, Y. V., Кucherenko, V. A., & Шендрик, Т. Г. (2014) · Solid Fuel Chemistry · doi:10.3103/s0361521914040119 · Cited by 27
BENZENE ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WALNUT SHELL
Mataji, M., & Khoshandam, B. (2014) · Chemical Engineering Communications · doi:10.1080/00986445.2013.808996 · Cited by 26
“In the chemical method, the starting material is impregnated or mixed with an activating agent, e.g., KOH, K2CO3, ZnCl2, or H3PO4, and subjected to the process of pyrolysis (Oliveira et al., 2009; Özdemir et al., 2011; Tay et al., 2009).”
Method
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbon Derived from Cornstalks for Supercapacitor Applications
Le, T., Ngo, V. H., Nguyen, M. T., Nguyen, V. C., Vu, D. N., Pham, T. D., & Tran, D.-T. (2021) · Journal of Electronic Materials · doi:10.1007/s11664-021-09249-0 · Cited by 26
Mass Balance and Performance Analysis of Potassium Hydroxide Activated Carbon
Hilton, R., Bick, P., Tekeei, A., Leimkuehler, E., Pfeifer, P., & Suppes, G. J. (2012) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie301293t · Cited by 26
Surface-engineered biochar: Recent advances in modification strategies for environmental remediation and energy applications
Chai, W. S., Aslam, A. A., Li, X., Wu, T., & Pang, C. H. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.117951 · Cited by 27
Porous graphite fabricated by liquid metal dealloying of silicon carbide
Greenidge, G., & Erlebacher, J. (2020) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.028 · Cited by 25
Parametric Study on Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis Combined KOH Activation of Oil Palm Male Flowers Derived Nanoporous Carbons
Kaewtrakulchai, N., Faungnawakij, K., & Eiad‐ua, A. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13122876 · Cited by 25
“However, an increment of mesopores gradually decreased the BET surface area [48,50].”
Background
Characteristics of activated carbon derived from Camellia oleifera cake for nickel ions adsorption
Quan, C., Wang, W., Su, J., Gao, N., Wu, C., & Xu, G. (2023) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106748 · Cited by 25
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons derived from bio-solid: a review
Ahmad, A., & Idris, A. B. (2013) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.808797 · Cited by 25
Production, characterization, and applications of activated carbon
Leimkuehler, E. (2010) · doi:10.32469/10355/8078 · Cited by 25
Functionalized nanoporous biocarbon derived from garlic waste for enhanced CO2 capture and supercapacitor performance
Davidraj, J. M., Sathish, C., Ruban, A. M., Perumalsamy, V., Narayanan, V., Yu, X., Breese, M. B. H., Yi, J., & Vinu, A. (2025) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120409 · Cited by 23

Authors: Tay, T., Ucar, S., & Karagöz, S.
Affiliations: Anadolu University (TR)
Dokuz Eylül University (TR)
Corresponding author: Karagöz, Selhan
ORCID: Karagöz, Selhan
Venue: Journal of Hazardous Materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-06-15
Volume: 165
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 481-485
ISSN: 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.011
OpenAlex: W2038967466
Cited by: 446
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 11.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi
Anadolu Üniversitesi
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Keywords: activated carbon, lignocellulosic biomass, chemical activation, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, pyrolysis temperature, porosity, surface area, ash content, sulfur content, biomass waste valorization
MeSH terms: Charcoal, Hot Temperature, Indicators and Reagents, Soybean Oil, Porosity, Biomass

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from waste biomass

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