The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Cu-Al interfacial formation and kinetic growth behavior during HTS reliability test
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This leads to an increase in the micro-hardness of bimetals at the Al/Cu interface through the formation of hard and brittle IMCs, causing a decrease in their toughness42,44.”
From Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound casting (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“These intermetallic are harder than the Aluminum base and Cu wire according to previous studies, and among them, CuAl, Cu9Al4, and CuAl2 have the highest micro-hardness, respectively42.”
From Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound casting (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“These intermetallic are harder than the Aluminum base and Cu wire according to previous studies, and among them, CuAl, Cu9Al4, and CuAl2 have the highest micro-hardness, respectively42.”
From Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound casting (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- Amistoso, 2010, Thermal aging effects on Cu ball shear strength and Cu/Al intermetallic growth, J. Electron. Mater., 39, 2324, 10.1007/s11664-010-1320-3 · DOI
- Appelt, 2011, Fine pitch copper wire bonding in high volume production, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 13, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.06.006 · DOI
- Bae, 2012, Intermetallic compound formation at Cu-Al wire bond interface, J. Appl. Phys., 112, 10.1063/1.4768835 · DOI
- Bae, 2014, Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy study on Cu-Al intermetallic compound formation at wire bond interface, J. Mater. Res., 29, 2787, 10.1557/jmr.2014.352 · DOI
- Breach, 2010, A brief review of selected aspects of the materials science of ball bonding, Microelectron. Reliab., 50, 1, 10.1016/j.microrel.2009.08.003 · DOI
- Chan, 2016, Non-destructive degradation study of copper wire bond for its temperature cycling reliability evaluation, Microelectron. Reliab., 61, 56, 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.12.026 · DOI
- Chen, 2011, Investigation of growth behavior of Al–Cu intermetallic compounds in Cu wire bonding, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 125, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.09.034 · DOI · Paper page
- Cheng, 2015, Study on the adhering failure mechanism of cemented carbide inserts and element diffusion model during the heavy-duty cutting of water chamber head, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 80, 1833, 10.1007/s00170-015-7166-3 · DOI
- Chong Leong, 2013, Comparative reliability studies and analysis of Au, Pd-coated Cu and Pd-doped Cu wire in microelectronics packaging, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0078705 · DOI
- Clauberg, 2011, Nickel–palladium bond pads for copper wire bonding, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 75, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.05.001 · DOI
- Drozdov, 2008, Detailed investigation of ultrasonic Al–Cu wire-bonds: I. Intermetallic formation in the as-bonded state, J. Mater. Sci., 43, 6029, 10.1007/s10853-008-2954-x · DOI
- Drozdov, 2008, Detailed investigation of ultrasonic Al–Cu wire-bonds: II. Microstructural evolution during annealing, J. Mater. Sci., 43, 6038, 10.1007/s10853-008-2955-9 · DOI
- Gan, 2015, Evolutions of bonding wires used in semiconductor electronics: perspective over 25 years, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 26, 4412
- Gan, 2014, Effects of bonding wires and epoxy molding compound on Gold and copper ball bonds intermetallic growth kinetics in electronic packaging, J. Electron. Mater., 43, 1017, 10.1007/s11664-014-3011-y · DOI
- Goh, 2013, Corrosion study and intermetallics formation in Gold and copper wire bonding in microelectronics packaging, Crystals, 3, 391, 10.3390/cryst3030391 · DOI
- Guo, 2011, Intermetallic phase formation in diffusion-bonded Cu/Al laminates, J. Mater. Sci., 46, 2467, 10.1007/s10853-010-5093-0 · DOI
- Hall, 1951, The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III Discussion of results, Proceedings of the Physical Society, 64, 747, 10.1088/0370-1301/64/9/303 · DOI
- Hamm, 1984, A study of the initial growth kinetics of the copper‐aluminum thin‐film interface reaction by insitu x‐ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering analysis, J. Appl. Phys., 56, 293, 10.1063/1.333960 · DOI
- Hang, 2008, Growth behavior of Cu/Al intermetallic compounds and cracks in copper ball bonds during isothermal aging, Microelectron. Reliab., 48, 416, 10.1016/j.microrel.2007.06.008 · DOI
- He, 2008, Theoretical and numerical analysis of the effect of constant velocity on thermosonic bond strength, Microelectron. Reliab., 48, 594, 10.1016/j.microrel.2007.10.001 · DOI
- Hui, 2008, Effect of thermal aging on interfacial behaviour of copper ball bonds, Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference, 891
- Jiang, 2010, Formation and growth of intermetallic compounds in Cu-Au and Au-Al systems for copper on Gold bonding, Ieee Trans. Electron. Pack., 33, 228, 10.1109/TEPM.2010.2053544 · DOI
- Kim, 2003, Effects of Cu/Al intermetallic compound (IMC) on copper wire and aluminum pad bondability, Ieee Trans. Compon. Pack. T, 26, 367, 10.1109/TCAPT.2003.815121 · DOI
- Kim, 2014, Microstructural evaluation of interfacial intermetallic compounds in Cu wire bonding with Al and Au pads, Acta Mater., 64, 356, 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.049 · DOI
- Kouters, 2013, Characterization of intermetallic compounds in Cu–Al ball bonds: mechanical properties, interface delamination and thermal conductivity, Microelectron. Reliab., 53, 1068, 10.1016/j.microrel.2013.02.020 · DOI
- Lassnig, 2015, Role of intermetallics on the mechanical fatigue behavior of Cu–Al ball bond interfaces, J. Alloys Compd., 646, 803, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.282 · DOI
- Lee, 2005, Effects of intermetallic compound on the electrical and mechanical properties of friction welded Cu/Al bimetallic joints during annealing, J. Alloys Compd., 390, 212, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.07.057 · DOI · Paper page
- Lim, 2016, Interfacial evolution and bond reliability in thermosonic Pd coated Cu wire bonding on aluminum metallization: effect of palladium distribution, Microelectron. Reliab., 63, 214, 10.1016/j.microrel.2016.04.003 · DOI
- Liu, 2012, A novel decapsulation technique for failure analysis of epoxy molded IC packages with Cu wire bonds, Microelectron. Reliab., 52, 725, 10.1016/j.microrel.2011.11.005 · DOI
- Mazloum-Nejadari, 2017, Reliability of Cu wire bonds in microelectronic packages, Microelectron. Reliab., 74, 147, 10.1016/j.microrel.2017.04.014 · DOI
- Murray, 1985, The aluminium-copper system, Int. Metals Rev., 30, 211
- Pelzer, 2012, High temperature storage reliability investigation of the Al–Cu wire bond interface, Microelectron. Reliab., 52, 1966, 10.1016/j.microrel.2012.06.070 · DOI
- Petch, 1953, London, 173, 25
- Pretorius, 1993, Thin-film compound phase-formation sequence – an effective heat of formation model, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 10, 1
- Rajan, 1980, A transmission electron microscopy study of intermetallic formation in aluminium-copper thin-film couples, J. Cryst. Growth, 49, 297, 10.1016/0022-0248(80)90164-5 · DOI
- Sabirov, 2013, Nanostructured aluminium alloys produced by severe plastic deformation: new horizons in development, Mat Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 560, 1, 10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.020 · DOI
- Schmitz, 2011, Influence of bonding process parameters on chip cratering and phase formation of Cu ball bonds on AlSiCu during storage at 200 °C, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 107, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.07.062 · DOI
- Tan, 2015, Cu–Al intermetallic compound investigation using ex-situ post annealing and in-situ annealing, Microelectron. Reliab., 55, 2316, 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.06.050 · DOI
- Vath Iii, 2011, Factors affecting the long-term stability of Cu/Al ball bonds subjected to standard and extended high temperature storage, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 137, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.06.015 · DOI
- Xu, 2010, Growth of intermetallic compounds in thermosonic copper wire bonding on aluminum metallization, J. Electron. Mater., 39, 124, 10.1007/s11664-009-0951-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Xu, 2011, Effect of bonding duration and substrate temperature in copper ball bonding on aluminium pads: a TEM study of interfacial evolution, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 113, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.03.016 · DOI
- Xu, 2011, Behavior of aluminum oxide, intermetallics and voids in Cu–Al wire bonds, Acta Mater., 59, 5661, 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.05.041 · DOI
- Xu, 2013, Behavior of palladium and its impact on intermetallic growth in palladium-coated Cu wire bonding, Acta Mater., 61, 79, 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.030 · DOI
- Xu, 2016, New observation of nanoscale interfacial evolution in micro Cu–Al wire bonds by in-situ high resolution TEM study, Scripta Mater., 115, 1, 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.12.025 · DOI
- Yang, 2015, In-situ investigation on the growth of Cu-Al intermetallic compounds in Cu wire bonding, Acta Phys. Sin-Ch Ed, 64
- Yu, 2011, Cu wire bond microstructure analysis and failure mechanism, Microelectron. Reliab., 51, 119, 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.04.022 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Elkjaer, A., Sørhaug, J. A., Ringen, G., Bjørge, R., & Grong, Ø. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.04.029 · Cited by 23
Ahmadzadeh Salout, S., & Mirbagheri, S. M. H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57849-7 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, C.-P., Chang, S.-J., Liu, Y.-F., & Chen, W.-S.
- Affiliations
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Chien-Pan
- ORCID
- Chang, Shoou-Jinn
- Venue
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 267
- Pages
- 90-102
- ISSN
- 0924-0136 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2904729369
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › 3D IC and TSV technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Copper Interconnects and Reliability
- Keywords
- Cu-Al intermetallic compounds, intermetallic compound growth, activation energy, CuAl2, CuAl, Cu9Al4, annealing, ball shear test
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cu-Al interfacial formation and kinetic growth behavior during HTS reliability test. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.12.012
- The paper
- Liu, C.-P., Chang, S.-J., Liu, Y.-F., & Chen, W.-S. (2019). Cu-Al interfacial formation and kinetic growth behavior during HTS reliability test. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.12.012