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The Co-chaperone p23 Arrests the Hsp90 ATPase Cycle to Trap Client Proteins
Abstract
The action of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for the activation and assembly of an increasing number of client proteins. This function of Hsp90 has been proposed to be governed by conformational changes driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis. Association of co-chaperones and client proteins regulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90. Here, we have examined the inhibition of the ATPase activity of human Hsp90beta by one such co-chaperone, human p23. We demonstrate that human p23 interacts with Hsp90 in both the absence and presence of nucleotide with a higher affinity in the presence of the ATP analogue AMP-PNP. This is consistent with an analysis of the effect of p23 on the steady-state kinetics that revealed a mixed mechanism of inhibition. Mass spectrometry of the intact Hsp90.p23 complex determined the stoichiometry of binding to be one p23 to each subunit of the Hsp90 dimer. p23 was also shown to interact with a monomeric, truncated fragment of Hsp90, lacking the C-terminal homodimerisation domain, indicating dimerisation of Hsp90 is not a prerequisite for association with p23. Complex formation between Hsp90 and p23 increased the apparent affinity of Hsp90 for AMP-PNP and completely inhibited the ATPase activity. We propose a model where the role of p23 is to lock individual subunits of Hsp90 in an ATP-dependent conformational state that has a high affinity for client proteins.
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“because the cochaperone p23 binds directly to the ATP form of Hsp90, and this stabilizes Hsp90-client protein interactions (1, 14, 15).”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Through selective binding to the ATP form of Hsp90, p23 stabilizes the 'closed' state and promotes Hsp90 interactions with client proteins (14, 33).”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“a cochaperone known to stabilize Hsp90 binding to client proteins (14)”
From FKBP51 Promotes Assembly of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex and Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
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Cites
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Co-chaperone regulation of conformational switching in the Hsp90 ATPase cycle
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“In sharp contrast to human p23, Sba1 inhibits the ATPase activity of yeast Hsp90 only partially.(33,34) The level of sequence identity is 27% in the globular cores of human and yeast p23 compared to 64% identity for the respective Hsp90 homologues.”
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“Opposing a role in assisting the assembly process, p23 may alter the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors by affecting the dissociation rate of the receptor–DNA response element complex.(28) The molecular mechanism by which p23 acts as a co-chaperone for Hsp90 is unknown.”
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“In sharp contrast to human p23, Sba1 inhibits the ATPase activity of yeast Hsp90 only partially.(33,34) The level of sequence identity is 27% in the globular cores of human and yeast p23 compared to 64% identity for the respective Hsp90 homologues.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCrystal Structure and Activity of Human p23, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Co-chaperone
Weaver, A. J., Sullivan, W. P., Felts, S. J., Owen, B. A. L., & Toft, D. O. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m003410200 · Cited by 136
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Sullivan, W. P., Owen, B. A. L., & Toft, D. O. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207754200 · Cited by 111
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The role of Hsp90 in protein complex assembly
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Karagöz, G. E., Duarte, A. M. S., Ippel, H., Uetrecht, C., Sinnige, T., van Rosmalen, M., Hausmann, J., Heck, A. J. R., Boelens, R., & Rüdiger, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011867108 · Cited by 124
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ResultMorgner, N., Schmidt, C., Beilsten-Edmands, V., Ebong, I.-O., Patel, N. A., Clerico, E. M., Kirschke, E., Daturpalli, S., Jackson, S. E., Agard, D., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.063 · Cited by 106
“described (McLaughlin et al., 2006).”
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ATP‐driven molecular chaperone machines
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“Protein–nucleotide complexes have been detected using ESI-MS [14, 27–30].”
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“These results are consistent with previous findings showing p23 and AHSA1 to have an increased binding affinity for HSP90 in its ATP-bound state (13, 40) and”
Resultp23/Sba1p protects against Hsp90 inhibitors independently of its intrinsic chaperone activity
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“5B), which is consistent with a stabilization of the ATP-bound form (9, 33, 52, 56).”
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“However, purified Sba1 inhibited the ATPase activity of purified Hsp82, although the effects were variable (18, 26, 32, 41).”
BackgroundStructure, Function and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery
Büchner, J., & Li, J. (2013) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.4103/2319-4170.113230 · Cited by 433
“As a result, the ATP hydrolysis, which is indispensable for the release of the client protein, is partially inhibited in the presence of p23/Sba1.([41,62])”
Backgroundda Silva, V. C. H., & Ramos, C. H. I. (2012) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.028 · Cited by 75
“The p23 co-chaperone is involved in client maturation and binds to Hsp90s bound to ATP, inhibiting ATPase activity [38,55].”
BackgroundHsp90 structure and function studied by NMR spectroscopy
Didenko, T., Duarte, A. M. S., Karagöz, G. E., & Rüdiger, S. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.009 · Cited by 79
“In case of the Hsp90–p23 interaction NMR conditions at high ionic strength were in pleasing congruence with crystallographic and biochemical data [22,88].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability
Vallejo, D. D., Ramírez, C. R., Parson, K. F., Han, Y., Gadkari, V. V., & Ruotolo, B. T. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00857 · Cited by 88
The Mechanism of Hsp90 ATPase Stimulation by Aha1
Wolmarans, A., Lee, B., Spyracopoulos, L., & LaPointe, P. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33179 · Cited by 72
Characterisation of the Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70–Hsp90 organising protein (PfHop)
Gitau, G. W., Mandal, P., Blatch, G. L., Przyborski, J. M., & Shonhai, A. (2011) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-011-0299-x · Cited by 81
Localization of Sites of Interaction between p23 and Hsp90 in Solution
Martinez‐Yamout, M. A., Venkitakrishnan, R. P., Preece, N. E., Kroon, G. J. A., Wright, P. E., & Dyson, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m601759200 · Cited by 69
Biebl, M. M., Lopez, A., Rehn, A., Freiburger, L., Lawatscheck, J., Blank, B., Sattler, M., & Buchner, J. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21063-0 · Cited by 58
Molecular Cochaperones: Tumor Growth and Cancer Treatment
Calderwood, S. K. (2013) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2013/217513 · Cited by 65
“The mechanisms which underlie the elevated expression of molecular chaperones of the HSPA and HSPD families in cancer are currently unclear but may involve the dysregulation of transcription factor HSF1 first shown to couple stress to HSP transcription [8, 26].”
BackgroundInfluentialContributions of Co-Chaperones and Post-Translational Modifications Towards Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity
Walton‐Diaz, A., Khan, S., Bourboulia, D., Trepel, J. B., Neckers, L., & Mollapour, M. (2013) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.13.88 · Cited by 59
Molecular Pathways: Targeting Hsp90—Who Benefits and Who Does Not
Scaltriti, M., Dawood, S. S., & Cortés, J. (2012) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2138 · Cited by 67
“ATP binds to Hsp90 dimers, forcing them to assume a “closed” conformation, which in turn facilitates the interaction with the co-chaperone p23, and the dissociation from Hop (22-25).”
A common conformationally coupled ATPase mechanism for yeast and human cytoplasmic HSP90s
Vaughan, C. K., Piper, P. W., Pearl, L. H., & Prodromou, C. (2008) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06773.x · Cited by 56
Functional principles and regulation of molecular chaperones
Dahiya, V., & Büchner, J. (2018) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.10.001 · Cited by 76
Averna, M., Stifanese, R., TULLIO, R. D., Passalacqua, M., Salamino, F., Pontremoli, S., & Melloni, E. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m803638200 · Cited by 57
Dixit, A., & Verkhivker, G. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037605 · Cited by 53
Oxelmark, E., Roth, J., Brooks, P., Braunstein, S., Schneider, R., & Garabedian, M. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00009-06 · Cited by 53
“A recent biochemical study suggests that human p23 secures Hsp90 into an ATP-bound form, thus facilitating Hsp90 interaction with client proteins (25).”
BackgroundPost-translational modification of heat-shock protein 90: impact on chaperone function
Scroggins, B. T., & Neckers, L. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2.10.1403 · Cited by 52
Alternative Approaches to Hsp90 Modulation for the Treatment of Cancer
Hall, J. A., Forsberg, L. K., & Blagg, B. S. J. (2014) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.14.89 · Cited by 52
“p23 is a well-established regulator of Hsp90 ATPase activity and has been shown to inhibit ATP hydrolysis and client release [36,37].”
BackgroundPhillips, J. J., Yao, Z., Zhang, W., McLaughlin, S. H., Laue, E. D., Robinson, C. V., & Jackson, S. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.059 · Cited by 45
Self-citationReebye, V., Querol Cano, L., Lavery, D. N., Brooke, G. N., Powell, S. M., Chotai, D., Walker, M. M., Whitaker, H. C., Wait, R., Hurst, H. C., et al. (2012) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2012-1056 · Cited by 47
“(30), it could also be a target to reduce HSP90 activity within”
BackgroundMeng, Q., Chen, X., Sun, L., Zhao, C., Sui, G., & Cai, L. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0651-y · Cited by 48
“According to McLaughlin [21], p23 binding to ATP-bound Hsp90 is essential to a stable ATP-dependent conformational state and high affinity for client proteins.”
BackgroundDean, M. E., & Johnson, J. L. (2020) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-020-01167-0 · Cited by 48
Ebong, I., Beilsten-Edmands, V., Patel, N., Morgner, N., & Robinson, C. (2016) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/celldisc.2016.2 · Cited by 47
Self-citationAdvances towards Understanding the Mechanism of Action of the Hsp90 Complex
Prodromou, C., & Bjorklund, D. M. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12050600 · Cited by 48
“This is not too dissimilar to the action of Aha1, although for Sba1/p23 the ATPase activity is downregulated [35,49].”
BackgroundCo-chaperone p23 Regulates C. elegans Lifespan in Response to Temperature
Horikawa, M., Sural, S., Hsu, A., & Antebi, A. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005023 · Cited by 46
“Interactions with HSP90 and cGMP signaling In its capacity as co-chaperone, p23 is known to complex with HSP90 [16–18,47].”
Lu, X., Wang, X., Zhuo, W., Jia, L., Jiang, Y., Fu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2013) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20130963 · Cited by 42
“Previous reports have shown that this process is ATP-dependent [29] and can be stimulated by the co-chaperone p23 [30].”
BackgroundSTAT3 interacts directly with Hsp90
Prinsloo, E., Kramer, A. H., Edkins, A. L., & Blatch, G. L. (2012) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.607 · Cited by 43
ATP Binding to Hsp90 Is Sufficient for Effective Chaperoning of p53 Protein
Walerych, D., Gutkowska, M., Klejman, M. P., Wawrzynów, B., Tracz‐Gaszewska, Z., Wiech, M., Żylicz, M., & Żylicz, M. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.112110 · Cited by 41
Li, Y., Zhang, T., Schwartz, S. J., & Sun, D. (2011) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.596645 · Cited by 39
“On the other hand, it was demonstrated that p23 is recruited to the ATP-bound, closed conformation of Hsp90 and locks it in an ATP-dependent conformational state that has high affinity for client proteins ( 54 ).”
BackgroundZhu, X.-J., Liu, X., Jin, Q., Cai, Y., Yang, Y., & Zhou, T. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.105494 · Cited by 39
Pare, J. M., LaPointe, P., & Hobman, T. C. (2013) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0892 · Cited by 44
“(2006), increases “dwell time” and allows for successful client maturation (Dittmar et al., 1997; McLaughlin et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMutations that increase both Hsp90 ATPase activity in vitro and Hsp90 drug resistance in vivo
Zurawska, A. E., Urbański, J., Matulienė, J., Baraniak, J., Klejman, M. P., Filipek, S., Matulis, D., & Bieganowski, P. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.03.002 · Cited by 40
“Sba1 binds to the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 and decreases rate of ATP hydrolysis, resulting in the stabilization of the ATP-bound form of Hsp90 [12].”
BackgroundA Dynamic View of ATP-coupled Functioning Cycle of Hsp90 N-terminal Domain
Zhang, H., Zhou, C., Chen, W., Xu, Y., Shi, Y., Wen, Y., & Zhang, N. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep09542 · Cited by 43
Blacklock, K. M., & Verkhivker, G. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071936 · Cited by 40
Echeverría, P. C., Figueras, M. J., Vogler, M., Kriehuber, T., de Miguel, N., Deng, B., Dalmasso, M. C., Matthews, D. E., Matrajt, M., Haslbeck, M., et al. (2010) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.04.004 · Cited by 37
“In higher eukaryotes Hip is a marker of the early Hsp90-heterocomplex, whereas p23 binds to Hsp90 dimmers at a later stage [8,13,14].”
BackgroundDifferences in conformational dynamics within the Hsp90 chaperone family reveal mechanistic insights
Graf, C., Lee, C., Meier-Andrejszki, L. E., Nguyễn, M. T., & Mayer, M. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2014.00004 · Cited by 41
Sun, L., Prince, T. L., Manjarrez, J. R., Scroggins, B. T., & Matts, R. L. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.03.014 · Cited by 37
“However, p23 has been reported to bind at a stoichiometry of one molecule of p23 per Hsp90 dimer [8,42].”
BackgroundHeterozygous Yeast Deletion Collection Screens Reveal Essential Targets of Hsp90
Franzosa, E. A., Albanèse, V., Frydman, J., Xia, Y., & McClellan, A. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028211 · Cited by 31
Tebbenkamp, A. T. N., & Borchelt, D. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013675 · Cited by 36
“Genes with high levels of variation in expression include Nudc, Ptges3, Ptplad1, and Tomm70a. Ptges3 is also thought to play a major role in protein folding by locking HSPC in an ATP-dependent state which has high affinity for client proteins”
BackgroundEcheverría, P. C., Briand, P.-A., & Picard, D. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01099-15 · Cited by 39
“60 61 One of the most extensively characterized component of the Hsp90 core machinery 62 is the co-chaperone p23 (18-20), encoded by the gene PTGES3 in mammals.”
BackgroundHsp90 Co-chaperones Form Plastic Genetic Networks Adapted to Client Maturation
Biebl, M. M., Riedl, M., & Büchner, J. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108063 · Cited by 36
Pullen, L., & Bolon, D. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.223131 · Cited by 32
General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones
Edkins, A. L., & Boshoff, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7438-4_2 · Cited by 1
Castelli, M., Marchetti, F., Osuna, S., Oliveira, A. S. F., Mulholland, A. J., Serapian, S. A., & Colombo, G. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c11396 · Cited by 40
The Role of p23, Hop, Immunophilins, and Other Co-chaperones in Regulating Hsp90 Function
Cox, M. B., & Johnson, J. L. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-295-3_4 · Cited by 32
Regulatory Mechanisms of Hsp90
Prodromou, C. (2017) · Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Journal · doi:10.21767/2471-8084.100030 · Cited by 31
“In contrast, the ATPase activity of Hsp90 is slowed by the co-chaperone Sba1 [81], although the human orthologue p23 shows a more robust inhibition [82].”
BackgroundAbbasi, M., Sadeghi-aliabadi, H., & Amanlou, M. (2018) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2017.1326319 · Cited by 28
“Finally, ATP is hydrolyzed, the complex is altered and the client protein is folded (McLaughlin et al., 2006).”
BackgroundTherapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau HomeostasisPreprint
Young, Z. T., Mok, S., & Gestwicki, J. E. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a024612 · Cited by 31
“The co-chaperone p23, which binds to the N-terminal ATP-binding domain, also stabilizes the closed state of Hsp90 and traps substrate clients while accelerating ATP hydrolysis (McLaughlin et al. 2006).”
BackgroundAbbasi, M., Sadeghi-aliabadi, H., & Amanlou, M. (2017) · DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s40199-017-0182-0 · Cited by 28
Tosylcyclonovobiocic acids promote cleavage of the hsp90-associated cochaperone p23
Radanyi, C., Bras, G. L., Bouclier, C., Messaoudi, S., Peyrat, J., Brion, J., Alami, M., & Renoir, J. (2008) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.102 · Cited by 31
The Potential of Hsp90 in Targeting Pathological Pathways in Cardiac Diseases
Roberts, R. J., Hallee, L., & Lam, C. K. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11121373 · Cited by 29
“protein maturation due to its increased client affinity [30,31].”
BackgroundProteomic interrogation of HSP90 and insights for medical research
Weidenauer, L., Wang, T., Joshi, S., Chiosis, G., & Quadroni, M. (2017) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2017.1389649 · Cited by 25
The C-terminal region of the human p23 chaperone modulates its structure and function
Seraphim, T. V., Gava, L. M., Mokry, D. Z., Cagliari, T. C., Barbosa, L. R. S., Ramos, C. H. I., & Borges, J. C. (2015) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.015 · Cited by 27
The helix 1–3 loop in the glucocorticoid receptor LBD is a regulatory element for FKBP cochaperones
Cluning, C., Ward, B. K., Rea, S. L., Arulpragasam, A., Fuller, P. J., & Ratajczak, T. (2013) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2012-1023 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, S. H., Sobott, F., Yao, Z.-P., Zhang, W., Nielsen, P. R., Grossmann, J. G., Laue, E. D., Robinson, C. V., & Jackson, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Daresbury Laboratory (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Stephen H.
- Jackson, Sophie E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 356
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 746-758
- ISSN
- 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070981149
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- HSP90, p23, co-chaperones, ATPase activity, HSP90β, AMP-PNP, mixed-type inhibition, protein-protein interaction, ATP binding, chaperone mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphatases, Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate, Calorimetry, Chromatography, Gel, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Kinetics, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Thermodynamics, Molecular Chaperones, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Dimerization, Protein Subunits
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